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Corporate & Company Law

301 articles on Corporate & Company Law, authored by the Finin2min editorial team. Page 7 of 8.

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Corporate Finance & CFO
Drawing Power: Why the Bank May Not Let You Use the Full Sanctioned Limit

A drawing-power reconciliation covering eligible stock, receivables, creditors, margins, ageing, insurance and lender methodology. The objective is to convert…

Corporate Finance & CFO
Stock and Receivable Statements: The Monthly Bank Submission CFOs Underestimate

A monthly bank-reporting control aligning inventory, receivables, creditors, ageing, GST, insurance and drawing power. The objective is to convert a financing…

Commercial Contracts & Remedies
CGTMSE Credit Guarantee: Collateral-Free Does Not Mean Automatic Approval

A CGTMSE guide covering lender appraisal, eligible credit, collateral rules, guarantee ceiling, fees, borrower cost and claim misconceptions. The objective is…

Corporate Finance & CFO
MUDRA Loan: Business Purpose, Documents and Repayment Reality

A PMMY loan guide covering Shishu, Kishor, Tarun, Tarun Plus, eligible micro-enterprise purpose, lender appraisal and repayment. The objective is to convert a…

Corporate Finance & CFO
GeM Seller Registration: Documents and Controls Before Government Orders

A GeM onboarding control covering authorised users, business credentials, bank and GST records, catalogue evidence and internal access. The objective is to…

Corporate Finance & CFO
Selling to Government: Purchase Order, Delivery and Payment Evidence

A government-order evidence file covering the electronic contract, delivery, inspection, acceptance, CRAC, invoice, deductions and payment follow-up. The…

MSME & Business Operations
MSME Bank Loan Data Room: What Lenders Actually Need to See

A lender-ready data room covering promoter KYC, Udyam, GST, tax, bank, financials, projections, security, licences and customer evidence. The objective is to…

MSME & Business Operations
SMA Warning Signs: Acting Before an MSME Account Becomes NPA

An early-warning dashboard covering overdue days, excess drawings, stock statements, cheque returns, statutory dues and lender engagement. The objective is to…

MSME & Business Operations
MSME Loan Restructuring or Settlement: The Credit-Record Trade-Off

A distressed-credit comparison covering restructuring, regularisation, one-time settlement, security, guarantees, tax and credit reporting. The objective is to…

GST & Indirect Tax
GST Cash-Flow Trap: Paying Tax Before Customers Pay You

A GST cash-flow control linking time of supply, invoicing, customer credit, output liability, input credit, credit notes and collection forecasting. The…

GST & Indirect Tax
E-Invoice and Books Reconciliation: Preventing Receivable and GST Mismatches

An e-invoice control covering the ₹5 crore threshold, historical turnover test, IRN, QR code, covered documents, ERP and customer ledger. The objective is to…

Customs & Foreign Trade
Export Working Capital: Pre-Shipment and Post-Shipment Evidence

An export-finance file covering order or LC, packing credit, production, shipping documents, bill negotiation, realisation and insurance terms. The objective…

Commercial Contracts & Remedies
Bank Guarantee and Letter of Credit: Contingent Risk for MSMEs

A trade-finance control covering instrument wording, applicant risk, margin, commission, expiry, claim, devolvement and contingent liability. The objective is…

MSME & Business Operations
MSME CFO Dashboard: 15 Numbers Founders Should Review Every Month

A monthly founder dashboard connecting liquidity, margin, receivables, inventory, GST, bank limits, debt service and customer concentration. The objective is…

Startup Finance & Cap Tables
Statutory Registers: The Forgotten Compliance File in Startups

A cap table may tell management who it believes owns the company. The register of members is the company’s statutory ownership record. Similar differences…

Startup Finance & Cap Tables
Cap Table Hygiene: Founder Dilution, ESOP Pool and Investor Rights

A cap table is not just a percentage chart. It is a financial model, a legal reconciliation and an investor-rights map. A founder may still own 60% of issued…

Startup Finance & Cap Tables
Director KYC, DIN and Board Composition: Founder Governance Basics

A director’s name on the MCA portal is not the complete compliance position. The company must track DIN status, KYC, consent, disclosures, disqualification…

Corporate Finance & CFO
Statutory Audit Preparedness: How to Avoid Year-End Chaos

Audit delay usually begins long before the auditor asks the first question. It starts with unreconciled ledgers, missing contracts, poor cut-off, unresolved…

Corporate Finance & CFO
Procure-to-Pay Controls: Vendor Creation to Payment Approval

A payment can be perfectly approved and still be wrong if the vendor was fake, the bank account was changed by a compromised email or the goods were never…

Corporate Finance & CFO
Bank Reconciliation and Payment Controls: The CFO’s Anti-Fraud Routine

A bank reconciliation is often treated as a month-end accounting task. In reality it is one of the cheapest anti-fraud controls available. It detects duplicate…

Commercial Contracts & Remedies
Contract Review Checklist: MSA, SOW, SLA, Indemnity and Payment Terms

The most expensive contract clause is often not the one lawyers argue about. It is a vague scope, an impossible SLA, a payment condition controlled entirely by…

Corporate Finance & CFO
Bank Covenants and Debt Compliance: How CFOs Avoid Technical Default

Companies often focus on interest and repayment and overlook the rest of the facility agreement. A delayed stock statement, expired insurance, unreported…

FEMA & International Tax
Foreign Investment Reporting: FC-GPR, FLA and FEMA Hygiene

Foreign investment is not complete when the wire arrives. The company must confirm entry route, sectoral conditions, instrument eligibility, pricing, receipt…

GST & Indirect Tax
Import/Export Compliance: DGFT, GST, FEMA and Documentation Trail

Trade compliance fails when each function keeps only its own document: logistics has the bill of lading, finance has the invoice, tax has the LUT and the bank…

Labour, Payroll & Social Security
POSH and Workplace Compliance: Why Culture Is Also a Control

POSH compliance is not complete because a policy PDF exists. Employees must know where to report, the Internal Committee must be properly constituted and…

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
IBC Explained: What Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code Actually Changes for Creditors

Before 2016, a defaulting company's promoters could often keep running it — and keep delaying creditors — for years through overlapping, slow-moving legal proce

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
Section 9 vs Section 7 IBC Application: Operational vs Financial Creditor Route

Two creditors owed money by the same company file under different sections of the IBC depending on what kind of debt they're owed — and the operational creditor

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
What Is a Pre-Existing Dispute Under IBC — and Why It Can Kill Your Section 9 Claim

A supplier owed a genuinely large, seemingly undisputed amount can still lose a Section 9 IBC application entirely — because the debtor doesn't need to prove th

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) Timeline: 180 Days and What Extends It

IBC was designed around a strict clock — resolve the company within 180 days, or move toward liquidation. In practice, the clock has proven far more flexible th

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
Personal Guarantor Insolvency Under IBC: What Changes for Promoters Who Signed Guarantees

Promoters who personally guaranteed their company's loans used to treat that guarantee as a formality banks rarely enforced in practice. IBC's personal guaranto

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
Liquidation Waterfall Under IBC Section 53: Who Gets Paid First

When a company is liquidated under IBC, there is a strict, statutorily fixed order in which claims are paid — and understanding exactly where your claim ranks i

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
Pre-Packaged Insolvency (PPIRP) for MSMEs: Eligibility and Process

Regular CIRP can be too slow and too disruptive for a small business — losing management control for months while a resolution process plays out can itself dest

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
What Happens to Employee Dues When a Company Enters CIRP

Employees at a company entering CIRP face genuine uncertainty — but the law treats different categories of what they're owed very differently, and the distincti

SEBI & Securities Law
SEBI LODR Compliance Calendar: What Listed Companies Must File Each Quarter

Listed company compliance isn't one annual exercise — it's a recurring quarterly cycle with its own deadlines for each filing, and missing even one of them (not

SEBI & Securities Law
Insider Trading Rules Under SEBI PIT Regulations: What Counts as UPSI

Insider trading law doesn't just prohibit trading on secret information — it defines a specific category of information (UPSI) and a specific category of people

SEBI & Securities Law
SEBI Related Party Transaction Disclosure: When Shareholder Approval Is Required

Not every related party transaction needs shareholders to weigh in — but once a transaction crosses a specific materiality threshold, approval isn't optional, a

SEBI & Securities Law
Delisting of Shares Under SEBI Regulations: Voluntary vs Compulsory Route

A company can leave the stock exchange in two very different ways — one initiated by its own promoters wanting to take it private, the other forced on it by the

SEBI & Securities Law
SEBI Whistle-Blower Mechanism: What Listed Companies Are Required to Maintain

A functioning whistle-blower mechanism isn't just a policy document sitting on a company website — SEBI and the Companies Act both require a real, operational e

SEBI & Securities Law
Buyback of Shares Under SEBI Regulations: Tender Offer vs Open Market Route

A company can't simply decide to buy back shares in whatever quantity and however it likes — SEBI's buyback framework caps the size relative to the company's ow

SEBI & Securities Law
SEBI Takeover Code: When an Open Offer Is Triggered

Buying a large stake in a listed company isn't just a private transaction between buyer and seller — cross certain thresholds, and SEBI's Takeover Code obligate