Skip to content
Finin2min
📂 Topic Archive

Markets & Economy Insights

768 articles on Markets & Economy Insights, authored by the Finin2min editorial team. Page 13 of 20.

Home / Insights / Markets & Economy Insights / Page 13
Income Tax
Income Tax Act 2025: The Compliance Reset Every Indian Taxpayer Should Understand

The Income-tax Act, 2025 came into force on 1 April 2026. The Income-tax Department’s transition guidance explains that the 1961 Act continues to govern…

SEBI & Securities Law
F&O Retail Losses: Why 93% Losing Traders Still Keep Coming Back

SEBI’s September 2024 study reported that 93% of individual traders incurred losses in equity futures and options between FY 2021–22 and FY 2023–24, with…

Income Tax
Crypto Tax in India: 30% Tax, 1% TDS and the Compliance Reality of VDAs

India’s special tax regime for virtual digital assets continues to require careful year-specific application. Income-tax portal guidance describes the 30%…

Banking, RBI & Payments
Gold Loans and NBFC Risk: Why India’s Favourite Collateral Needs Discipline

RBI’s Lending Against Gold and Silver Collateral Directions, 2025 must be complied with no later than 1 April 2026, with transition treatment for loans…

Insurance
Insurance Mis-Selling: The Commission Problem Behind “Guaranteed Returns”

IRDAI’s policyholder-protection framework requires fair information, suitability-related conduct and grievance processes. Benefits may include guaranteed and…

Income Tax
LRS and Foreign Investing: The $250,000 Window Most Families Misunderstand

RBI’s Liberalised Remittance Scheme permits a resident individual to remit up to US$250,000 per financial year for permitted current or capital account…

Banking, RBI & Payments
Oil Prices and India: The Invisible Tax on Every Household Budget

PPAC’s May 2026 snapshot reported a provisional net oil and gas import bill of US$17.5 billion for the month, compared with US$10.0 billion in May 2025. This…

Investments & Markets
India’s Bond Index Inclusion: Why Boring Government Bonds Became Global Money

Bond index inclusion is boring until billions of dollars begin to rebalance into your sovereign market.

GST & Indirect Tax
MSME Cash Flow: Why Profit on Paper Still Fails Without Working Capital

From 1 April 2025, the revised MSME classification uses both investment and turnover: micro up to ₹2.5 crore and ₹10 crore; small up to ₹25 crore and ₹100…

GST & Indirect Tax
E-Invoicing and GST Data Matching: Why Fake Compliance Is Getting Harder

E-invoicing generally applies to prescribed B2B, export and related documents of registered persons whose aggregate turnover crossed ₹5 crore in any relevant…

Income Tax
TDS and TCS for Freelancers: The Compliance Trap Behind Creator Income

For FY 2025–26, returns and withholding records continue to reflect the Income-tax Act, 1961 framework. From 1 April 2026, the Income-tax Act, 2025 applies to…

GST & Indirect Tax
ESOPs in Startups: Wealth, Tax and the Liquidity Mirage

Employee stock options generally create a salary perquisite at exercise based on prescribed fair market value less the exercise price, followed by…

GST & Indirect Tax
Startup Governance: The Founder Control Problem Investors Ignore in Bull Markets

Governance depends on the Companies Act, the articles, shareholder agreements, board composition, reserved matters and sector regulation. Contractual veto…

GST & Indirect Tax
Related Party Transactions: The Quiet Governance Risk That Destroys Valuation

Companies Act requirements, accounting standards and SEBI LODR obligations can apply simultaneously. For listed entities, a material related-party transaction…

GST & Indirect Tax
Promoter Pledging: The Margin Call Risk Behind High-Growth Stories

SEBI’s takeover and disclosure framework requires promoters to disclose creation, invocation and release of encumbrances. Additional reasons and terms must be…

GST & Indirect Tax
AIFs and Private Credit: The New Shadow-Banking Debate

Alternative Investment Funds are privately pooled vehicles registered under SEBI’s AIF framework. Many private-credit strategies operate through Category II…

GST & Indirect Tax
IBC 2.0: Why Insolvency Reform Is India’s Capital Allocation Engine

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code remains the core corporate insolvency framework. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2026 received assent on…

GST & Indirect Tax
Personal Guarantors and Insolvency: The Fine Print Founders Ignore

The Supreme Court in Lalit Kumar Jain upheld the notification applying the personal-guarantor insolvency provisions to guarantors of corporate debtors…

GST & Indirect Tax
Co-Lending: The Bank–Fintech Partnership That Can Work or Break Trust

The RBI Co-Lending Arrangements Directions, 2025 apply from 1 January 2026, unless a regulated entity adopted them earlier. They cover specified commercial…

GST & Indirect Tax
Payment Aggregators: The Compliance Layer Behind Every Checkout Page

Non-bank payment aggregators require RBI authorisation under the applicable framework. The guidelines cover merchant onboarding, escrow and settlement…

GST & Indirect Tax
Cyber Fraud in Finance: Why Deepfakes Are the New Internal Control Test

CERT-In directions require specified cyber incidents to be reported within six hours of noticing them or being brought to notice. Financial entities may also…

GST & Indirect Tax
Climate Finance and Carbon Credits: The Market That Can Save or Greenwash

India’s Carbon Credit Trading Scheme establishes a compliance mechanism and an offset mechanism under the Indian Carbon Market framework. BEE and the relevant…

GST & Indirect Tax
Green Bonds: When Climate Ambition Meets Debt Covenants

SEBI’s debt-securities framework requires specified disclosures for green debt securities, including eligible green categories, project evaluation, management…

GST & Indirect Tax
PLI Schemes: Can Subsidies Build Real Manufacturing Moats?

India’s PLI programme spans 14 sectors. Official data as of 31 December 2025 reported 836 approved applications, more than ₹2.16 lakh crore of investment, over…

GST & Indirect Tax
Space Economy India: Rockets, Satellites and the New Compliance Frontier

The Indian Space Policy, 2023 assigns promotional and authorisation functions to IN-SPACe for non-government entities. The 2024 FDI policy permits up to 74%…

GST & Indirect Tax
Platform Fees: The ₹5 Line Item That Can Change Consumer Internet Profitability

Consumer law and dark-pattern controls require transparent pricing and prohibit deceptive interface practices. A mandatory fee should be visible before final…

Investments & Markets
Adani–Hindenburg: How a Short-Seller Report Became a Market Trust Test

A detailed Finin2min case study on Adani–Hindenburg, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Consumer & Competition Law
Patanjali Misleading Ads: When Brand Faith Met Consumer Protection

A detailed Finin2min case study on Patanjali ads case, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical…

Business Case Studies & Corporate Strategy
Lakshmi Vilas Bank: The Bank Rescue That Became a Depositor Lesson

A detailed Finin2min case study on Lakshmi Vilas Bank, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical…

Personal Finance & Tax Planning
PMC Bank: The Cooperative Bank Crisis That Froze Ordinary Savings

A detailed Finin2min case study on PMC Bank, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Insolvency, Debt Recovery & PMLA
Go First: The Airline Insolvency That Put Engines, Cash and Law Together

A detailed Finin2min case study on Go First, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Business Case Studies & Corporate Strategy
Ola Electric: The EV Dream Facing Service, Scale and Trust Tests

A detailed Finin2min case study on Ola Electric, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Investments & Markets
Nykaa: The Beauty Platform That Had to Prove It Was More Than a Valuation

A detailed Finin2min case study on Nykaa, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Insurance
Policybazaar: The Insurance Marketplace Trying to Sell Trust Online

A detailed Finin2min case study on Policybazaar, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Business Case Studies & Corporate Strategy
Zerodha: The Broker That Turned Frugality Into a Moat

A detailed Finin2min case study on Zerodha, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Business Case Studies & Corporate Strategy
Groww: The Distribution Machine Behind India’s Retail Investing Boom

A detailed Finin2min case study on Groww, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Banking, RBI & Payments
PhonePe: The UPI Giant Searching for Monetisation Beyond Payments

A detailed Finin2min case study on PhonePe, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Business Case Studies & Corporate Strategy
Razorpay: Payment Aggregator Compliance and the Price of Trust

A detailed Finin2min case study on Razorpay, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Governance, Secretarial & Professional Ethics
BharatPe: The Governance Dispute That Overshadowed a Merchant Fintech Story

A detailed Finin2min case study on BharatPe, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.

Business Case Studies & Corporate Strategy
Future Retail: How Debt, COVID and a Failed Deal Broke a Retail Empire

A detailed Finin2min case study on Future Retail, covering background, strategy, competition, compliance issues, financial indicators and practical lessons.