Markets & Economy Insights

TCS and Infosys sell transformation, outsourcing, cloud and AI services to global enterprises. Their reported currencies, deal metrics and fiscal-year…

DMart is a focused value retailer led by food and grocery, while Reliance Retail spans grocery, fashion, electronics, brands, digital commerce and wholesale…

Asian Paints is the established decorative-paints leader. Birla Opus is a major new entrant backed by Grasim. The comparison requires care because Birla Opus…

HUL is a predominantly FMCG company across home care, beauty, personal care and foods. ITC combines cigarettes, FMCG, paperboards, agriculture and other…

Maruti dominates mass-market passenger vehicles and distribution. Tata Motors rebuilt its domestic passenger franchise through design, safety, SUVs and…

The comparison changed materially when Groww became a listed company and began publishing exchange disclosures. Zerodha remains privately held and communicates…

HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank are India’s largest private-sector banking franchises. Net profit alone is not enough: merger effects, deposit costs, credit…

Both networks promise rapid delivery through dense dark stores. The important contest is not app downloads but order density, basket size, contribution margin…

Airtel has emphasised higher ARPU and premiumisation. Jio operates at larger subscriber scale and integrates connectivity with a wider digital ecosystem.

Investors should scan auditor notes, cash flow, debt, receivables, pledges, related parties and contingent liabilities before chasing returns. This guide is…

A card limit is not the same as a FEMA entitlement. Travel spends, cash and overseas investments should not be mixed.

A bank purpose code is a reporting label, not a substitute for proving the contract, service, tax and arm’s-length basis.

Common credit is not reversed by an arbitrary percentage. Rules 42 and 43 prescribe separate calculations for inputs/input services and capital goods.

An expense can be compulsory, commercially useful or booked in the company name and still have blocked GST credit.

RCM failures usually start in vendor onboarding because the invoice arrives without GST and looks like a non-tax item.

A truck hire is not automatically GTA and a lawyer invoice is not automatically taxable under the same RCM rule. The supplier, document and recipient class…

A free operating system can still create competition-law risk when it controls access to app stores, search, browsers and device defaults.

The HDFC Ltd–HDFC Bank combination joined a housing-finance franchise with a deposit-funded bank and became a major case study in funding economics and…

A payments app, its technology company and its regulated bank are not the same legal entity. That distinction became essential after RBI cancelled Paytm…

An exchange rate flows into fuel, electronics, foreign education, travel and company margins. ₹95 per dollar must be treated as a date-specific scenario, not a…

Satyam became a defining governance case because reported revenue, profit and cash did not reflect the underlying position. The lasting lesson is to reconcile…

A minority stake can carry strategic rights that matter far beyond its percentage. The Amazon–Future dispute shows why deal filings must describe the…

Hypergrowth can hide weak collections, delayed accounts and governance gaps while funding remains abundant. The insolvency process involving Think and Learn…

Housing loans are long-dated assets, but the institutions funding them can face immediate pressure when short-term borrowing, governance and market confidence…

Essar Steel became a foundational Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code case because it tested who controls a resolution plan and how recoveries may differ among…

GST created a common indirect-tax framework, but registration and compliance cannot be reduced to one turnover number. The threshold depends on supply type…

IL&FS showed how a complex group can transmit stress through guarantees, short-term funding and confidence even when many underlying assets are long-term…

Airlines can report strong traffic yet fail because leases, fuel, salaries, airport dues and debt require cash before turnaround promises become reality.

Jio’s launch changed how India priced and consumed mobile data. The durable lesson is not simply that low prices win, but that network investment, distribution…

Brand visibility cannot compensate for weak liquidity, high fixed costs and mounting creditor obligations. Kingfisher Airlines is also a reminder to keep…

The Maggi episode shows how testing, regulator communication and public confidence can rapidly become a balance-sheet issue. It also requires careful wording…

The Glivec judgment is often reduced to a conflict between patents and access to medicines. Its legal core was narrower: whether the claimed beta-crystalline…

The Punjab National Bank case exposed how high-value obligations could be created through messaging and guarantee processes without timely reflection in the…

The repo rate influences financial conditions, but it does not mechanically reset every loan on the policy date. The effect depends on the loan benchmark…

Calling a fundraising private does not make it private when securities are offered to a very large number of people. Sahara also illustrates why similarly…

A security can have low credit risk and still create severe market and liquidity risk. Silicon Valley Bank demonstrates what happens when long-duration assets…

The Tata Nano was an ambitious engineering attempt to make personal mobility more accessible. Its commercial difficulties cannot responsibly be reduced to one…

UPI’s scale comes from interoperable bank-account infrastructure that allows many apps to compete on a common rail. Volume and value, however, are payment-flow…

The Vodafone dispute became a global tax-policy case because it moved from a transaction-specific withholding question to retrospective legislation and, later…

Yes Bank’s 2020 crisis showed how quickly confidence can become a liquidity issue. It also demonstrates that a temporary moratorium and a reconstruction scheme…