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Part I - Preliminary
Identify the proceeding, the applicable Schedule article and the legally relevant trigger before computing a date.
Indian Law Professional Corpus - Batch 06
Limitation Act, 1963
Act, complete 137-article Schedule map, commencement and amendment instruments, computation controls, special-law interfaces, case-law register, chapter PDFs and one-page cheat sheets.
Interfaces with the Commercial Laws Hub, the Arbitration and Mediation Hub and the Commercial Courts Act Corpus for limitation questions arising in each domain.
Reading rule. Use the current official Act, signed Gazette instruments, special/local statute and State/High Court sources for the matter date. This corpus provides the local professional text, map and implementation layer.
Publication library
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Part II - Limitation of suits, appeals and applications
Limitation is a threshold issue: section 3 is mandatory, while extensions, disabilities, trust and foreign-contract rules require separate statutory tests.
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Part III - Computation of period of limitation
Build a date-by-date chronology and test each exclusion, postponement, fresh-start and continuing-wrong rule independently.
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Part IV - Acquisition of ownership by possession
Easement prescription and extinguishment of title depend on the exact nature, continuity, openness and adverse character of possession or enjoyment.
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Part V - Miscellaneous
Section 29(2) is the bridge to every special or local statute; repeals and transition provisions must be treated as event-date controls.
schedule
First Division, Part I - Suits relating to accounts
Reconcile account structure, reciprocal demands, agency termination and partnership dissolution before selecting the trigger.
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First Division, Part II - Contracts: Articles 6-26
Wages, sale, work, loans, deposits and account-stated claims ordinarily use a three-year period but the trigger varies materially.
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First Division, Part II - Contracts: Articles 27-55
Bonds, negotiable instruments, insurance, contribution, rent, specific performance and breach claims require instrument-by-instrument accrual analysis.
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First Division, Part III - Declarations
Article 58 runs from when the right to sue first accrues; a later continuing effect does not automatically create a fresh accrual.
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First Division, Part IV - Instruments, decrees and mortgages
Knowledge, majority, redemption, transfer and re-entry dates control different clauses.
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First Division, Part V - Immovable property
Distinguish charge enforcement, foreclosure, prior possession, title, forfeiture and tenancy termination.
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First Division, Part VI - Movable property
Knowledge of the possessor, wrongful taking and refusal after demand create different starting points.
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First Division, Part VII - Torts
Short one- and two-year periods coexist with three-year tort articles; classify the civil wrong before computing.
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First Division, Part VIII - Trusts and endowments
Property type, knowledge of transfer and change of manager determine the applicable period and trigger.
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First Division, Part IX - Miscellaneous suits
Pre-emption, execution orders, government acts, judgments, hereditary office, family property and government suits use distinct periods.
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First Division, Part X - Residuary suits
Article 113 applies only when no other suit article governs and runs when the right to sue accrues.
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Second Division - Appeals
The Schedule contains legacy code references; always overlay the current procedural code and special statute.
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Third Division - Applications
Applications range from ten days to twelve years; Article 137 is residuary and begins when the right to apply accrues.
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Commencement Notification S.O. 3118 dated 29 October 1963
The Act commenced on 1 January 1964.
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Sikkim Extension Notification S.O. 647(C) dated 24 August 1984
The Act was brought into force in Sikkim from 1 September 1984.
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Repealing and Amending Act, 1974
Sections 28 and 32 were repealed with effect from 20 December 1974.
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Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019
The territorial exclusion in section 1 was omitted with effect from 31 October 2019.
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Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh Adaptation Orders, 2020
Legacy transition language and application to reorganised Union territories require event-date review.
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State amendment and local-law interface
West Bengal Act 18 of 1977 is noted on India Code; every State-specific amendment and local limitation rule must be checked for the forum and cause of action.
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Bare Act, Schedule and source-control master
One file linking the local Act text, all 137 Schedule articles, amendment notes and official sources.
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Limitation calculator and chronology methodology
A reproducible method for trigger, first-day exclusion, calendar period, copy time, court closure, statutory exclusion, fresh start and filing cut-off.
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Accrual, cause of action and right-to-sue master
Separate breach, refusal, knowledge, damage, adverse possession, enforceability and recurring/default events before choosing an article.
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Section 5 sufficient-cause and condonation master
Appeals and eligible applications may be condoned; suits and Order XXI applications are outside the general section 5 route.
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Section 14 wrong-forum exclusion master
Due diligence, good faith, same matter/relief and jurisdiction-like defect must be proved through the complete first-proceeding record.
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Sections 12 to 15 exclusion master
Copy time, stays, statutory notice, consent/sanction, insolvency/liquidation and other exclusions need date-specific evidence.
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Section 17 fraud, mistake and concealed-document master
Discovery and reasonable diligence must be pleaded with dates; protected purchaser and execution sub-rules require separate analysis.
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Acknowledgment, part-payment and fresh limitation master
A pre-expiry signed acknowledgment or qualifying payment can restart time; authority, content, date and proof are decisive.
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Addition and substitution of parties master
A new party is ordinarily exposed to the addition date unless the court grants good-faith mistake relation-back.
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Continuing breaches, torts and recurring claims master
Distinguish a continuing wrong from continuing damage and separate each instalment, recurring payment or successive breach.
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Property, adverse possession and easement master
Articles 64-67 and sections 25-27 demand possession character, hostile commencement, tenancy determination and interruption evidence.
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Section 29(2) special and local laws master
Start with the special statute: identify its period, express exclusion, condonation cap, forum and whether sections 4-24 survive.
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Contract and commercial-claims limitation master
Map invoices, milestones, rejection, termination, account confirmation, guarantees, specific performance and damages to distinct triggers.
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Arbitration claims, section 11 and award challenge master
Substantive claims and court applications have separate limitation clocks; arbitral commencement does not cure an already barred claim.
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IBC, Companies Act and tribunal limitation master
Apply the special code, Article 137 where relevant, acknowledgment law and any strict statutory outer limit without importing civil-suit assumptions.
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Commercial Courts, PIMS and mediation limitation master
Preserve pre-institution mediation dates, statutory exclusion and urgent-relief analysis while keeping the underlying claim alive.
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Appeals, review, revision and decree-execution master
Use the governing special statute and procedural code before the Schedule; preserve pronouncement, copy, service, enforceability and default dates.
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Government and public-authority claims master
Article 112, statutory notices, public-law remedies and special enactments require separate classification and event-date computation.
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Supreme Court limitation case-law citator
Issue-led register for accrual, condonation, section 14, fraud, acknowledgment, special laws, arbitration, IBC, property and execution.