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Labour litigation issue map

Forced labour, bonded labour and rehabilitation

Use a protective evidence approach where exploitation itself suppresses records.

Decision path

1
Fix the legal period and forum.
Identify the Act/Code, transition, appropriate Government and territorial jurisdiction.
2
Freeze the evidence.
Preserve appointment, payroll, notices, orders, portal acknowledgements and witness material.
3
Read the controlling cases.
Extract the ratio, paragraph locator, relief, later treatment and factual limits.

Source-closed Supreme Court records

Dr Balram Singh v Union of India
The Court issued extensive directions, treated hazardous cleaning without minimum protective safeguards as an affront to dignity and linked coercive hazardous work to Article 23.
Prajwala v Union of India — Bonded Labour Directions
The Court required a protective, non-technical approach and recognised that strict proof demands can defeat legislation intended to dismantle exploitation.

Finin2min checklist

Official starting points: Supreme Court of India · India Code · CGIT-cum-Labour Courts