Finin2min Indian law corpus - Batch 03

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - Professional Corpus

Act chapters, schedules, Arbitration Council rules, amendment/commencement modules and transaction-to-enforcement practice masters.

See also the Arbitration and Mediation Hub for clause drafting, Section 34/9 practice notes and case checklists.

Corpus coverage

16 Act chapter/part publications
8 Schedule publications
4 Central rule publications
5 instrument/commencement publications
14 professional practice masters

Publication directory

Preliminary - Preamble and Section 1

Establish the current territorial, commencement and source position before applying any arbitration clause or award.

Part I, Chapter I - General provisions

Fix seat, court, international-commercial-arbitration status, notice route and waiver risk at the start.

Part I, Chapter II - Arbitration agreement

Draft a valid written clause, preserve incorporation/electronic evidence, and coordinate referral and urgent interim relief.

Part I, Chapter III - Composition of arbitral tribunal

Use a neutral appointment mechanism, disclosure matrix and replacement protocol that cannot be controlled unilaterally by an interested party.

Part I, Chapter IV - Jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals

Raise jurisdiction objections on time and use tribunal interim powers with enforceable, evidence-backed relief.

Part I, Chapter V - Conduct of arbitral proceedings

Convert the clause and procedural order into a calendar, pleadings/evidence protocol and fair-hearing record.

Part I, Chapter VI - Making of award and termination

Control governing law, award timeline, interest, costs, settlement, signatures, reasons and post-award correction.

Part I, Chapter VII - Recourse against arbitral award

Build a narrow, ground-specific challenge with strict limitation, record and non-merits-review controls.

Part I, Chapter VIII - Finality and enforcement

Separate challenge from stay, secure assets, calculate award debt and execute without assuming an automatic suspension.

Part I, Chapter IX - Appeals

Use the closed statutory appeal list, correct forum and limitation; avoid presenting a merits re-hearing as an appeal.

Part I, Chapter X - Miscellaneous

Manage deposits, jurisdictional anchoring, confidentiality, insolvency and separate limitation clocks.

Part IA - Arbitration Council of India

Track commencement, rules, appointments and regulations before treating the Council framework as operational for a particular function.

Part II, Chapter I - New York Convention awards

Verify convention territory, commercial reservation, authenticated award/agreement, translation and the limited refusal grounds.

Part II, Chapter II - Geneva Convention awards

Treat Geneva awards as a specialised legacy convention route and verify whether the award falls outside the New York Convention chapter.

Part III - Conciliation

Use a voluntary, confidential process with settlement authority, precise drafting and enforceability controls; check the Mediation Act transition.

Part IV - Supplementary provisions

Reconcile central amendments, High Court rules, repeal/savings and transitional applicability before filing.

First Schedule

New York Convention text linked to section 44.

Second Schedule

Protocol on Arbitration Clauses, Geneva 1923.

Third Schedule

Geneva Convention on execution of foreign awards, 1927.

Fourth Schedule

Model fee table for domestic arbitration.

Fifth Schedule

Circumstances giving rise to justifiable doubts on independence or impartiality.

Sixth Schedule

Form of arbitrator disclosure.

Seventh Schedule

Relationships creating ineligibility under section 12(5).

Eighth Schedule

Omitted by the 2021 Amendment Act with effect from 4 November 2020.

Arbitration Council of India - Chairperson and Members Rules, 2022

Terms, salary, allowances and service conditions for Chairperson and Members.

Arbitration Council of India - Chief Executive Officer Rules, 2022

Qualifications, appointment and service conditions of the CEO.

Arbitration Council of India - Part-time Members Allowances Rules, 2022

Travelling and other allowances payable to part-time Members.

Arbitration Council of India - Officers and Employees Rules, 2022

Number, qualifications, appointment and service conditions of officers and employees.

Amendment and commencement master

1996 commencement, 2015 reform, 2019 reform, 2021 reform and the 2020 adaptation/retrospective dates.

Section 36 fraud/corruption stay and transition

Separate award challenge, stay discretion, money-decree principles and the retrospective fraud/corruption proviso.

High Court rules and forum matrix

Section 82 rules, original-side practice, section 11 rosters, commercial courts and State/UT filing controls.

Foreign award notification and treaty control

Convention-country notification, reciprocity, commercial reservation, evidence and translation gate.

Institutional arbitration and section 11 appointment

Institution selection, appointment mechanism, court designation, emergency relief and administrative rules.

Arbitration clause drafting master

Seat, venue, governing law, institution/rules, tribunal, language, scope, notice, interim relief, confidentiality and consolidation.

Pre-arbitration notice and limitation master

Accrual, cure, section 21 notice, acknowledgement, negotiation standstill and filing/appointment calendars.

Sections 8 and 11 referral/appointment master

Prima facie agreement gate, first statement, certified copy, appointment procedure, neutrality and jurisdiction.

Sections 9 and 17 interim relief master

Urgency, protection, asset security, evidence preservation, tribunal constitution and enforcement.

Arbitrator independence, disclosure and challenge master

Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Schedule screening, disclosure updates, waiver and replacement.

Pleadings, evidence and hearing master

Procedural order, claim/defence, document production, witness/expert evidence, hearing and default.

Timeline, fast track, fees and costs master

Sections 23(4), 29A, 29B, 31A, 38, Fourth Schedule and extension/fee consequences.

Award drafting and post-award master

Reasons, signatures, date/place, interest, costs, settlement, correction, interpretation and additional award.

Sections 34 and 37 challenge/appeal master

Limitation, grounds, severability, remission, stay, closed appeal list and Supreme Court route.

Domestic award enforcement and execution master

Award debt, interest, stay/security, attachment, insolvency and settlement accounting.

Foreign award recognition/enforcement master

Seat/treaty status, certified evidence, translation, section 48/57 objections and appeal.

Conciliation and Mediation Act interface master

Part III settlement, confidentiality, enforceability, mediator/conciliator role and transition to Mediation Act processes.

Arbitration case-law citator master

Section-wise Supreme Court principles, amendment survival, later treatment and direct official judgment capture workflow.

Business, stamp, company, GST and tax overlay master

Authority, stamp/admissibility, invoices/GST, withholding, interest, foreign exchange, insolvency and accounting.