CGST Act Section 129: Detention, seizure and release of goods and conveyances in transit | Finin2min
Section 129 - Detention, seizure and release of goods and conveyances in transit
Chapter XIX - Offences and Penalties
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Finin2min Summary - Section in 2 Minutes
Provides the self-contained transit detention
route for goods and conveyances moved or
stored in breach of GST requirements. The
owner/non-owner payment matrix, notice, order,
release and sale timelines must be followed.
Exact operative text
129. Detention, seizure and release of goods and conveyances in transit.-(1) Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Act, where any person transports any goods or stores any goods while they are in transit in
contravention of the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder, all such goods and conveyance used as a
means of transport for carrying the said goods and documents relating to such goods and conveyance shall be
liable to detention or seizure and after detention or seizure, shall be released,-
[(a) on payment of penalty equal to two hundred per cent. of the tax payable on such goods and, in
case of exempted goods, on payment of an amount equal to two per cent. of the value of goods or
twenty-five thousand rupees, whichever is less, where the owner of the goods comes forward for payment
of such penalty;
(b) on payment of penalty equal to fifty per cent. of the value of the goods or two hundred per cent. of
the tax payable on such goods, whichever is higher, and in case of exempted goods, on payment of an
amount equal to five per cent. of the value of goods or twenty-five thousand rupees, whichever is less,
where the owner of the goods does not come forward for payment of such penalty;]
(c) upon furnishing a security equivalent to the amount payable under clause (a) or clause (b) in such
form and manner as may be prescribed:
Provided that no such goods or conveyance shall be detained or seized without serving an order of
detention or seizure on the person transporting the goods.
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[(3) The proper officer detaining or seizing goods or conveyance shall issue a notice within seven days of
such detention or seizure, specifying the penalty payable, and thereafter, pass an order within a period of seven
days from the date of service of such notice, for payment of penalty under clause (a) or clause (b) of
sub-section (1).]
(4) [No penalty] shall be determined under sub-section (3) without giving the person concerned an
opportunity of being heard.
(5) On payment of amount referred in sub-section (1), all proceedings in respect of the notice specified in
sub-section (3) shall be deemed to be concluded.
[(6) Where the person transporting any goods or the owner of such goods fails to pay the amount of
penalty under sub-section (1) within fifteen days from the date of receipt of the copy of the order passed under
sub-section (3), the goods or conveyance so detained or seized shall be liable to be sold or disposed of
otherwise, in such manner and within such time as may be prescribed, to recover the penalty payable under
sub-section (3):
Provided that the conveyance shall be released on payment by the transporter of penalty under
sub-section (3) or one lakh rupees, whichever is less:
Provided further that where the detained or seized goods are perishable or hazardous in nature or are likely
to depreciate in value with passage of time, the said period of fifteen days may be reduced by the proper
officer.]
Paragraph-wise decode
Provides the self-contained transit detention route for goods and conveyances moved or stored in breach of GST requirements. The owner/non-owner payment matrix, notice, order, release and sale timelines must be followed.
Section-Rule-Form-Notification bridge
The mapping is a legal concordance, not a round-robin related-link list. It is limited to instruments certified in this phase.
Practical example
Goods move with an expired e-way bill. The officer must issue the statutory notice/order and apply the owner or non-owner payment route rather than demand an arbitrary amount.
Professional alert
Detention is not confiscation. Follow section 129 timelines and forms; confiscation under section 130 needs its own statutory grounds and process.
Implementation checklist
- Fix the transaction, taxable period and jurisdiction.
- Read every subsection, proviso, explanation and omission marker.
- Open the mapped Rule, form, notification and circular.
- Test State/UT variation and portal version.
- Preserve evidence, approvals, working papers and acknowledgements.
- Record the conclusion, assumptions, source date and reviewer.
Evidence and retention checklist
- Contract, purchase order, invoice or underlying transaction document.
- Registration, return, ledger, challan and portal acknowledgement.
- Official Act/Rule/notification version used and effective date.
- Internal tax position paper, computation and management approval.
- Correspondence, notices, replies, orders and appeal papers where applicable.
Practical Q&A
- What does section 129 regulate?
- It regulates detention, seizure and release of goods and conveyances in transit. Read the exact text, conditions, exceptions and transaction date together.
- Which subordinate law should be checked?
- Rule 138, Rule 138A, Rule 138B, Rule 138C, Rule 138D, Rule 139, Rule 140, Rule 141, Rule 142. Notifications, circulars, forms and the corresponding SGST/UTGST layer may also apply.
- What evidence should be retained?
- Preserve the contract or transaction record, invoice or form, portal acknowledgement, payment/ledger evidence, correspondence, legal working and the official source version used.
- Can portal behaviour override the statute?
- No. Portal functionality is operational evidence; legal entitlement and liability remain controlled by the Act, Rules, notifications and binding decisions.