GST & Indirect Tax

Export of Services Under GST: Five Tests, LUT and Refund

CA Nikhil Gupta·Aug 2026·7 min readGST & Indirect Tax

A service is an export only when supplier is in India, recipient outside India, place of supply outside India, payment is received in permitted foreign…

A service is an export only when supplier is in India, recipient outside India, place of supply outside India, payment is received in permitted foreign exchange/INR, and supplier/recipient are not merely establishments of the same person.

Legal or Computational Framework

Governing rule

Exports are zero-rated. A registered exporter can use LUT/bond without IGST and claim unutilised ITC refund, or pay IGST where permitted and claim refund.

Correct calculation method

Test all five export conditions; determine place of supply; obtain LUT before supply; issue export invoice; receive payment within FEMA period; reconcile GSTR-1/3B and refund.

Step-by-step workflow

  1. Test all five export conditions.
  2. determine place of supply.
  3. obtain LUT before supply.
  4. issue export invoice.
  5. receive payment within FEMA period.
  6. reconcile GSTR-1/3B and refund.

Worked example

An Indian consultant serves a UK customer and receives GBP, but if the customer is the consultant's own foreign branch, the fifth condition can fail.

The example is an illustration, not a substitute for the taxpayer's facts. A change in status, period, payment mode, document, city, asset, relationship or scheme can change the result.

Why generic pages get this wrong

Search pages often state a rate or limit without identifying the governing base. The calculation must distinguish gross receipt from taxable profit, tax from TDS, a deduction from an exemption, salary from business income, and an accounting entry from the tax treatment.

Decision matrix

Decision pointRequired treatment
Legal yearUse the Act, rules and notification effective for the income or transaction period
Taxpayer categoryConfirm residence, age, entity, employee/business status and regime
Calculation baseUse the statutory definition rather than CTC, net bank receipt or accounting label
Ceiling or rateApply actual-amount, percentage, shared, lifetime and gross-income limits in sequence
DocumentationLink every input to an invoice, statement, contract, certificate or official record
Final outputShow tax, surcharge, cess, interest and TDS/TCS credits separately

Entity and topical coverage

This page is written around the entities and concepts search engines expect for the topic: GST, export of services, LUT, composition scheme, input tax credit. They are used only where relevant and are connected to the live calculator and knowledge hub rather than repeated mechanically.

What Generic Pages Miss

  • Treating exports as excluded turnover.
  • Assuming foreign client means export.
  • Confusing GST composition and income-tax presumptive tax.
  • Claiming personal ITC.
  • Forgetting LUT/payment realisation.

Practical Documentation Checklist

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For the complete rules on this topic, see the core guide: Home Office Deduction in India: Employee vs Freelancer Rules.

See the broader GST & Indirect Tax knowledge hub for related rules and calculators on this topic.

Finin2min Summary

A service is an export only when supplier is in India, recipient outside India, place of supply outside India, payment is received in permitted foreign exchange/INR, and supplier/recipient are not merely establishments of the same person.

Finin2min rule: establish eligibility, calculate transparently, and preserve an audit trail.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the direct answer for “export of services GST LUT”?
A service is an export only when supplier is in India, recipient outside India, place of supply outside India, payment is received in permitted foreign exchange/INR, and supplier/recipient are not merely establishments of the same person.
Which law and tax period apply?
Exports are zero-rated. A registered exporter can use LUT/bond without IGST and claim unutilised ITC refund, or pay IGST where permitted and claim refund. GST remains governed by the CGST/IGST framework and effective notifications.
How should the amount be calculated?
Test all five export conditions; determine place of supply; obtain LUT before supply; issue export invoice; receive payment within FEMA period; reconcile GSTR-1/3B and refund.
What does the worked example show?
An Indian consultant serves a UK customer and receives GBP, but if the customer is the consultant's own foreign branch, the fifth condition can fail.
Which documents should be kept?
Keep GST registration file, contracts and invoices, LUT and export realisation, GSTR-1/3B/2B. The calculation should be reproducible from these records.
What is the most common mistake?
The most common errors are treating exports as excluded turnover and assuming foreign client means export.

Source and review trail

Use the current official instrument, portal or regulator publication before acting. This panel separates the category authority from page-specific references.

Primary category
GST & Indirect Tax
Official starting point
www.incometax.gov.in
Editorial review date
2026-08-02
Content status
Finin2min explanation; official source controls where facts, law, rates, forms or procedures can change.

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