Indian Laws › Civil Procedure, Evidence and Enforcement › The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 › Section 85
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023Section 85Chapter V - Of documentary evidence
Section 85
Presumption as to electronic agreements
Reviewed by Ravi Sisodia · Last reviewed 10 October 2026
Official text of section 85 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (Chapter V: Of documentary evidence).
Section 85, official text
The Court shall presume that every electronic record purporting to be an agreement containing the electronic or digital signature of the parties was so concluded by affixing the electronic or digital signature of the parties.
Source: The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (Act 47 of 2023), Gazette of India Extraordinary, in force from 1 July 2024. The signed Gazette controls.
Nearby sections
- Section 83 — Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions
- Section 84 — Presumption as to powers-of-attorney
- Section 86 — Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures
- Section 87 — Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates
Source and review trail
The text above is taken from the Gazette of India publication of the Act. Check later amendments and the signed Gazette before relying on it.
- Official text
- NCRB — Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, section 85