KYC and Customer Due Diligence
16 topic pages · Customer acceptance, identification, beneficial ownership, ongoing review and reporting; choose the applicable entity-specific KYC source.
RBI, Banking and Payments — Para-wise Regulatory Corpus
Banking and payment guides, instrument references and dated RBI enforcement cases. Select the entity, event date and applicable official source.
RBIBankingPayments140 paragraph pages
How to use this hub
Start with the regulated institution and activity, then choose the relevant topic. Instrument names, publication dates and commencement dates answer different questions. Historical cases illustrate specific findings; they do not determine every current customer or regulatory outcome.
Modules
Digital Lending
18 topic pages · Regulated lender/LSP/DLA roles, disclosures, fund flows and data; current sector Credit Facilities chapters and the original 2025 Direction.
Prepaid Payment Instruments
14 topic pages · PPI authorisation, customer-use and operating safeguards; identify the instrument version and issuer category.
Payment Aggregators
13 topic pages · Payment-aggregator authorisation and operational obligations; distinguish the regulated activity and relevant source.
NBFC Scale-Based Regulation
14 topic pages · NBFC registration, exemptions and regulatory-layer classification, with category-specific and cross-law requirements.
Prudential and Exposure Directions
14 topic pages · Prudential and exposure topics: identify the institution, risk measure, applicable direction and commencement date.
Outsourcing and IT Governance
11 topic pages · Outsourcing and technology governance: allocate the regulated entity’s responsibilities and retain operational evidence.
Returns and Annexures
18 topic pages · Returns and annexures: reconcile reportable populations, submission instructions and acknowledgements.
Ombudsman Framework
12 topic pages · Customer complaints and internal review: distinguish the institution, Internal Ombudsman and applicable external redress stage.
RBI Enforcement Cases
10 topic pages · Named dated enforcement findings, distinct statutory powers, later official action and suggested post-order controls.
Instrument and legal-basis reference downloads
Download instrument inventory · Download Act-ownership matrix
The inventories record named source editions and broad legal links. They are reference aids: later amendments, entity-specific applicability and staged commencement must be read in the actual instrument. A date in a list is not a guarantee that the whole list is presently operative.
Dated enforcement cases and what RBI published
RBI cancels CoR of one NBFC and one ARC
9 May 2025 release: R. L. Investment and Finance’s NBFC CoR cancelled 8 April 2025; India Resurgence ARC’s CoR cancelled 4 April 2025. Different entities and statutory powers; no fine stated.
Four NBFCs surrender Certificates of Registration
9 May 2025 release: four surrendered NBFC registrations, with separately stated exit/cessation categories and cancellation dates. Surrender alone is not a finding of misconduct.
Penalty on Punjab & Sind Bank
₹68.20 lakh; order 24 March 2025, release 26 March 2025. Non-fund CRILC omissions and BSBDA holders allowed Savings Bank Deposit Accounts.
Penalty on Bombay Mercantile Co-operative Bank
₹33.30 lakh; order 17 February 2025, release 27 February 2025. Non-permissible business and income under section 6(2)/56; no specific business named.
Penalty on Nainital Bank
₹61.40 lakh; order 12 February 2025, release 14 February 2025. Certain MSME floating-rate loans not externally benchmarked; flat minimum-balance shortfall charges.
Penalty on Ujjivan Small Finance Bank
₹6.70 lakh; order 10 February 2025, release 14 February 2025. Failure to issue loan agreements to certain borrowers at sanction/disbursement, not a published director-lending finding.
Penalty for CIC membership non-compliance
Aska: ₹10,000; order 20 May 2025, release 22 May 2025. Failure to furnish customer credit information to any CIC, under CICRA 25(1)(iii)/23(4).
Penalty for KYC and management of advances
Poornawadi: ₹1 lakh; order 3 June 2025, release 5 June 2025. Excess gold-loan LTV and late CKYCR uploads; the release does not give the LTV percentage or delay-day count.
Directions to Bhavani Sahakari Bank
Bhavani: July 2025 restrictions were distinct from licence cancellation. A later 30 April 2026 RBI release approved amalgamation with TJSB effective 4 May 2026.
Penalty under BR Act section 20
Hyderabad District Co-operative Central Bank: ₹1 lakh; order 23 June 2025, release 26 June 2025. Loans sanctioned to a director; loan amount not published.
Linked instrument guides (39)
Recurring payments: the RBI e-mandate rules effective from 21 April 2026Payment Aggregator rules: authorisation, merchant KYC and escrowBharat Bill Payment System: participants, escrow and customer protectionSupervisory returns: the 2024 consolidation and current bank/NBFC rulesRBI payment-system authorisation: applications, capital, control and exitNon-bank PSO cyber resilience: deadlines, incidents and payment securityPrepaid payment instruments: wallet limits, cash, refunds and customer rightsRBI Ombudsman: 2026 rules and preserved 2021 casesDigital-payment authentication: two factors, exceptions and cross-border cardsRBI bank ECL framework: staging and provisioning from 1 April 2027Commercial-bank ALM Direction: liquidity gaps, LCR, NSFR and reportingCredit-risk standardised approach: RBI framework commencing 1 April 2027Commercial-bank investments: HTM, AFS, FVTPL and current valuation rulesBank concentration limits: large exposures, capital markets and groupsBank credit facilities: digital loans, gold, project finance and lending limitsBank credit-risk management: appraisal, related parties, UFCE and accountsBank Internal Ombudsman: 2026 review and reporting rulesCommercial-bank KYC: documents, account limits, updates and customer safeguardsCommercial-bank outsourcing: scope, governance and operating controlsCommercial-bank capital adequacy Direction: eligible capital, RWA and buffersBank stressed-asset resolution: review, restructuring, settlement and SNFAsBank customer rights: deposits, fraud, nominee claims and loan protectionsBank securitisation of standard assets: eligibility, retention and investor rulesBank loan transfers: holding periods, stressed sales, co-lending and participationCredit bureaus: Internal Ombudsman and correction reviewHousing finance companies: capital, home-loan limits and borrower rightsWallet issuers: Internal Ombudsman rules for 2026Account Aggregators: consent, financial-data sharing and customer rightsNBFC Prudential Capital Adequacy Directions, 2025: current guideNBFC Concentration Risk Directions, 2025: limits, connected groups and reportingNBFC Credit Risk Management Directions, 2025: current rules and exceptionsNBFC Internal Ombudsman: scope, review and reportingNBFC KYC: identification routes, update deadlines and simplified accountsNBFC outsourcing: layer rules, group exceptions and IT controlsP 2P lending platforms: limits, escrow, fees and lender riskNBFC Registration, Exemptions and SBR Directions, 2025: current guideNBFC borrower protections: KFS, charges, prepayment and collateral returnPayments banks: Internal Ombudsman scope, review and reportsTReDS in 2026: MSME invoices, financing, capital and reporting
Source and review trail
Use the current official instrument, portal or regulator publication before acting.
- Official starting point
- RBI Master Directions directory — select the exact instrument
- Instrument editions and effective dates
- Download the 39-instrument source and edition index (CSV)
Dated source-reference notes
Source-edition notes and earlier linkage material are historical aids. Select current official instruments for present decisions.
Which RBI Ombudsman Scheme applies?
The Reserve Bank – Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2026 came into force on 1 July 2026. Clause 20 repeals the 2021 Scheme but preserves its application to complaints received before that date, appeals from decisions under it and execution of its awards. The 2021 notification is therefore a historical reference for the saved proceedings, rather than the current Scheme for every new complaint. Internal Ombudsman Directions are separate entity-specific instruments.