NGT and Supreme Court Environmental Case Citator
A provision-linked research map for leading decisions on pollution control, environmental clearance, forests, wildlife, waste, remediation and environmental adjudication.
Reviewed by CA Divyanshu Sengar · Updated 5 October 2026
Doctrine and authority map
| Question | Leading line of authority | Working use |
|---|---|---|
| Polluter pays and precaution | Vellore Citizens and Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action | Connect remediation or compensation to proved pollution, statutory power and causation. |
| Hazardous activity | M.C. Mehta - Oleum Gas Leak and Bhopal Gas Peedith | Separate enterprise liability, statutory relief, remediation and forum-specific relief. |
| Expert appraisal and reasons | A.P. PCB v M.V. Nayudu, Hanuman Laxman Aroskar and Alembic Pharmaceuticals | Test data, appraisal record, reasons, public consultation and legality of post-facto treatment. |
| Forest and biodiversity decisions | T.N. Godavarman, Lafarge and Orissa Mining Corporation | Map forest status, statutory approvals, community rights and decision-making record. |
| NGT powers and procedure | Ankita Sinha and Mantri Techzone | Analyse suo motu action, restitution, limitation and relief under the NGT Act. |
Research workflow
- Frame issue
Name the project, pollutant, permission and challenged act. - Fix law date
Use the Act, notification and condition in force for the event. - Read judgment
Separate facts, submissions, ratio, directions and later treatment. - Build remedy
Map forum, limitation, evidence, restoration and compliance proof.
Practical case study
A plant operates under a consent but expands without prior environmental clearance. The analysis should not cite Alembic as a slogan. It should classify the expansion under the EIA Notification, identify the appraisal and public-consultation history, read Alembic's treatment of ex post facto clearance in its setting, and separately assess closure, remediation, compensation and appellate remedies.
Highlighted points and Q&A
Is every observation binding? No; distinguish the holding from discussion and case-specific directions. Does an NGT order replace the statutory instrument? No. What should an advisory file contain? Certified or court-hosted decision, paragraph note, later-citation check, source instrument, factual evidence and remedy calendar.
Primary official sources
NGT judgment and order search | Supreme Court judgments | MoEFCC legal instruments
Use the signed judgment and the current statutory instrument for a live matter. Headnotes and this citator are research aids, not substitutes for the complete decision or legal advice.