Act: Indian Contract Act, 1872; Act 9 of 1872; commencement 1 September 1872.
Source protocol: Complete central provision text is reproduced locally. Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code and Gazette instruments prevail if any discrepancy is identified.
Full statutory text and Finin2min decode
Section 76 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
76.[‘Goods’ of defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
76.[‘Goods’ of defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 76.[‘goods’ of defined.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 76 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 77 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
77.[‘Sale defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
77.[‘Sale defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 77.[‘sale defined.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 77 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 78 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
78.[Sale how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
78.[Sale how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 78.[sale how effected.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 78 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 79 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 79.[transferofownershipofthingsold,whichhasyettobeascertained,madeorfinished.]rep.bys. 65, ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 79 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 80 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
80. [Completion of sale of goods which the seller is to put into state in which buyer is to take them.]
Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
80. [Completion of sale of goods which the seller is to put into state in which buyer is to take them.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 80. [completion of sale of goods which the seller is to put into state in which buyer is.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 80 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 81 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
81. [Completion of sale of goods, when seller has to do anything thereto in order to as certain
price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
81. [Completion of sale of goods, when seller has to do anything thereto in order to as certain price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 81. [completion of sale of goods, when seller has to do anything thereto in order to as certain.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 81 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 82 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
82. [Completion of sale, when goods are uncertained at date of contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
82. [Completion of sale, when goods are uncertained at date of contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 82. [completion of sale, when goods are uncertained at date of contract.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 82 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 83 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
83. [Ascertainment of goods by subsequent appropriation.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
83. [Ascertainment of goods by subsequent appropriation.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 83. [ascertainment of goods by subsequent appropriation.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 83 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 84 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
84. [Ascertainment of goods by seller’s selection.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
84. [Ascertainment of goods by seller’s selection.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 84. [ascertainment of goods by seller’s selection.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 84 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 85 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
85. [Transfer of ownership of moveable property, when sold together with immoveable.] Rep. by
s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
85. [Transfer of ownership of moveable property, when sold together with immoveable.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 85. [transfer of ownership of moveable property, when sold together with immoveable.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 85 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 86 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
86. [Buyer to bear loss after good have become his property.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
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Main rule
86. [Buyer to bear loss after good have become his property.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 86. [buyer to bear loss after good have become his property.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 86 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 87 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
87. [Transfer of ownership of goods agreed to be sold while non existent.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
87. [Transfer of ownership of goods agreed to be sold while non existent.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 87. [transfer of ownership of goods agreed to be sold while non existent.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 87 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 88 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
88. [Contract to sell and deliver, at a future day, goods not in seller’s possession at date of
contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
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Main rule
88. [Contract to sell and deliver, at a future day, goods not in seller’s possession at date of contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 88. [contract to sell and deliver, at a future day, goods not in seller’s possession at date of.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 88 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 89 - [Repealed.]. [DELIVERY.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
89. [Determination of price not fixed by contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
[DELIVERY.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
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Finin2min meaning
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Main rule
89. [Determination of price not fixed by contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [DELIVERY.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the delivery, inspection and acceptance framework. Operational focus: 89. [determination of price not fixed by contract.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [delivery.]rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 89 is a delivery, inspection and acceptance provision dealing with [repealed.]. [delivery.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Use dispatch, carrier, goods receipt, inspection, rejection and storage records to establish delivery, acceptance and transit risk.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 90 - Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
90. [Delivery how made.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
1. Added by Act 6 of 1899, s. 4.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
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Main rule
90. [Delivery how made.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. 1. Added by Act 6 of 1899, s. 4.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 90. [delivery how made.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. 1. added by act 6 of 1899, s. 4.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 90 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 91 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
91. [Effect of delivery to wharfinger or carrier.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
91. [Effect of delivery to wharfinger or carrier.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 91. [effect of delivery to wharfinger or carrier.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 91 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 92 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
92. [Effect of part-delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
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Main rule
92. [Effect of part-delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 92. [effect of part-delivery.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 92 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 93 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
93. [Seller not bound to deliver until buyer applies for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
93. [Seller not bound to deliver until buyer applies for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 93. [seller not bound to deliver until buyer applies for delivery.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 93 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
94.[Place of delivery.] Rep.by the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65.
[SELLER’S LIEN.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
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Main rule
94.[Place of delivery.] Rep.by the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65. [SELLER’S LIEN.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the unpaid-seller security and recovery framework. Operational focus: 94.[place of delivery.] rep.by the indian sale of goods act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65. [seller’s lien.]rep. by.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 94 is a unpaid-seller security and recovery provision dealing with [repealed.] [seller’s lien.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Confirm unpaid-seller status, possession or transit, insolvency, notice to carrier, lien waiver, sub-sale or pledge and resale procedure before acting.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 95 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
95.[Seller’s lien.]Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
95.[Seller’s lien.]Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 95.[seller’s lien.]rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 95 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 96 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
96. [Lien where payment to be made at a future day, but no time fixed for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,
ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
96. [Lien where payment to be made at a future day, but no time fixed for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 96. [lien where payment to be made at a future day, but no time fixed for delivery.] rep.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 96 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 97 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
97. [Seller’s lien where payment to be made at future day, and buyer allows goods to remain in
seller’s possession.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
97. [Seller’s lien where payment to be made at future day, and buyer allows goods to remain in seller’s possession.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 97. [seller’s lien where payment to be made at future day, and buyer allows goods to remain in.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 97 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 98 - [Repealed.] [STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
98. [Seller’s lien against subsequent buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
[STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
98. [Seller’s lien against subsequent buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the delivery, inspection and acceptance framework. Operational focus: 98. [seller’s lien against subsequent buyer.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [stoppage in transit.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 98 is a delivery, inspection and acceptance provision dealing with [repealed.] [stoppage in transit.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Use dispatch, carrier, goods receipt, inspection, rejection and storage records to establish delivery, acceptance and transit risk.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 99 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
99. [Power of seller to stop in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
99. [Power of seller to stop in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 99. [power of seller to stop in transit.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 99 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 100 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
100.[When goods are to be deemed in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
100.[When goods are to be deemed in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 100.[when goods are to be deemed in transit.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 100 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 101 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
101. [Continuance of right of stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
101. [Continuance of right of stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 101. [continuance of right of stoppage.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 101 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 102 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
102. [Cessation of right on assignment, by buyer, of document showing title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
102. [Cessation of right on assignment, by buyer, of document showing title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 102. [cessation of right on assignment, by buyer, of document showing title.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 102 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 103 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
103. [How seller may stop where instrument of title assigned to secure specific advance.] Rep. by s.
65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
103. [How seller may stop where instrument of title assigned to secure specific advance.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 103. [how seller may stop where instrument of title assigned to secure specific advance.] rep. by s. 65.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 103 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 104 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
104. [Stoppage how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
104. [Stoppage how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 104. [stoppage how effected.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 104 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 105 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
105. [Notice of seller’s claim.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
105. [Notice of seller’s claim.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 105. [notice of seller’s claim.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 105 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 106 - [Repealed.]. [RESALE.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
106.[Right of seller on stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
[RESALE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
106.[Right of seller on stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [RESALE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the unpaid-seller security and recovery framework. Operational focus: 106.[right of seller on stoppage.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [resale.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 106 is a unpaid-seller security and recovery provision dealing with [repealed.]. [resale.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Confirm unpaid-seller status, possession or transit, insolvency, notice to carrier, lien waiver, sub-sale or pledge and resale procedure before acting.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 107 - [Repealed.]. [TITLE.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
107.[Resale on buyer’s failure to perform.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
[TITLE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
107.[Resale on buyer’s failure to perform.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [TITLE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the title, property and risk framework. Operational focus: 107.[resale on buyer’s failure to perform.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [title.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 107 is a title, property and risk provision dealing with [repealed.]. [title.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Prepare a title-risk timeline covering identification, appropriation, notice, delivery, documents of title, reservation of disposal and good-faith third-party rights.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 108 - [Repealed.]. [WARRANTY.]Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
108. [Title conveyed by seller of goods to buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
[WARRANTY.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
108. [Title conveyed by seller of goods to buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [WARRANTY.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the conformity and implied terms framework. Operational focus: 108. [title conveyed by seller of goods to buyer.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [warranty.] rep. by s. 65.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 108 is a conformity and implied terms provision dealing with [repealed.]. [warranty.]repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Convert description, sample, specification, purpose and inspection rights into an acceptance checklist. Record disclosed defects and any valid exclusion or usage.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 109 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
109.[Seller’s responsibility for badness of title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
109.[Seller’s responsibility for badness of title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 109.[seller’s responsibility for badness of title.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 109 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 110 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
110. [Establishment of implied warranty of goodness or quality.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
110. [Establishment of implied warranty of goodness or quality.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 110. [establishment of implied warranty of goodness or quality.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 110 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 111 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
111. [Warranty of soundness implied on sale of provisions.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
111. [Warranty of soundness implied on sale of provisions.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 111. [warranty of soundness implied on sale of provisions.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 111 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 112 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
112. [Warranty of bulk implied on sale of goods by sample.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
112. [Warranty of bulk implied on sale of goods by sample.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 112. [warranty of bulk implied on sale of goods by sample.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 112 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 113 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
113.[Warranty implied where goods are sold as being of a certain denomination.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
113.[Warranty implied where goods are sold as being of a certain denomination.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 113.[warranty implied where goods are sold as being of a certain denomination.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 113 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 114 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
114. [Warranty where goods ordered for a specified purpose.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
114. [Warranty where goods ordered for a specified purpose.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 114. [warranty where goods ordered for a specified purpose.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 114 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 115 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
115.[Warranty on sale of article of well known ascertained kind.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
115.[Warranty on sale of article of well known ascertained kind.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 115.[warranty on sale of article of well known ascertained kind.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 115 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 116 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
116. [Seller when not responsible for latent defects.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
116. [Seller when not responsible for latent defects.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 116. [seller when not responsible for latent defects.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 116 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 117 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
117. [Buyer’s right on breach of warranty.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
117. [Buyer’s right on breach of warranty.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 117. [buyer’s right on breach of warranty.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 117 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
118. [Right of buyer on breach of warranty in respect of goods not ascertained.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
[MISCELLANEOUS.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
118. [Right of buyer on breach of warranty in respect of goods not ascertained.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [MISCELLANEOUS.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 118. [right of buyer on breach of warranty in respect of goods not ascertained.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 118 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. [miscellaneous.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 119 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
119. [When buyer may refused to accept, if goods not ordered are sent with goods ordered.]Rep. by
s. 65, ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
119. [When buyer may refused to accept, if goods not ordered are sent with goods ordered.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 119. [when buyer may refused to accept, if goods not ordered are sent with goods ordered.]rep. by s.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 119 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 120 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
120. [Effect of wrongful refusal to accept.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
120. [Effect of wrongful refusal to accept.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 120. [effect of wrongful refusal to accept.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 120 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 121 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
121. [Right of seller as to rescission, on failure of buyer to pay price at time fixed.] Rep.by the
Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
121. [Right of seller as to rescission, on failure of buyer to pay price at time fixed.] Rep.by the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 121. [right of seller as to rescission, on failure of buyer to pay price at time fixed.] rep.by.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 121 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 122 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
122. [Sale and transfer of lots sold by auction.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
122. [Sale and transfer of lots sold by auction.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 122. [sale and transfer of lots sold by auction.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 122 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Section 123 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.
Current statutory text
123. [Effect of use, by seller, of pretended biddings to raise price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.
CHAPTER VIII
OF INDEMNITY AND GUARANTEE
Finin2min clause-by-clause decode
Clause
Statutory requirement
Finin2min meaning
Evidence/control
Main rule
123. [Effect of use, by seller, of pretended biddings to raise price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. CHAPTER VIII OF INDEMNITY AND GUARANTEE
Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 123. [effect of use, by seller, of pretended biddings to raise price.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. chapter viii.
Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.
Finin2min implementation explanation
Section 123 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.
Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.
Section-level practical application
Transaction test
Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.
Consequence and remedy
Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.
Practical examples and calculations
Chapter scenario
A live transaction raises issues concerning historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping. Freeze the event date, map each statutory condition, preserve authority and performance evidence, quantify exposure and choose remedy only after limitation and forum review.
Calculation
Method
Evidence
Price / consideration
Reconcile base amount, GST/tax, credits, retention, deductions and payment terms.
Contract, invoice, ledger, tax documents and bank proof.
Loss / compensation
Separate direct loss, consequential loss, avoided cost, mitigation, restitution, interest and stipulated sum.
Loss model, market evidence and mitigation log.
Partner settlement
Reconcile capital, current accounts, loans, drawings, profit share, assets, liabilities and goodwill.
Deed, ledgers, bank records and valuation.
Limitation
Record accrual, breach/refusal, notice, acknowledgment, exclusion and filing date.
Chronology and limitation memorandum.
Practical transaction application
Identify the transaction, relationship, parties and event date.
Map every provision to the contract/deed and actual conduct.
Record conditions satisfied, disputed, waived, excused or prevented.
Reconcile authority, delivery/performance, acceptance, payment and notices.
Quantify exposure and choose cure, termination, recovery, settlement or litigation strategy.
Authority, consent and execution controls
Authority
Correct legal entities and counterparties.
Board, partner, power-of-attorney or delegated authority.
Ordinary-course and implied-authority limits.
Third-party knowledge of restrictions.
Consent
Offer, acceptance and agreed version.
Capacity, free consent and disclosures.
Conditions precedent and approvals.
No unauthorised post-execution alteration.
Execution
Complete schedules and annexures.
Witnessing, attestation and e-sign audit trail.
Counterparts, date and place.
Original and certified-copy custody.
Stamp duty and registration alerts
Stamp duty is State/UT-specific. Classify the true instrument, place of execution or receipt, consideration and property. Registration is a separate enquiry. Insufficient stamping may require impounding; non-registration may affect property and third-party enforceability.
Instrument
Alert
Commercial agreement
Do not default to a generic article if the substance is indemnity, guarantee, security, transfer, lease or another specifically charged instrument.
Partnership deed/reconstitution
Check capital contribution, immovable property, retirement/dissolution and Registrar filing separately.
Sale of movable goods
Coordinate contract, invoice, GST/e-invoice, transport and sectoral records.
Property-related relief
Check compulsory registration, title, court fee and decree-registration effects.
Evidence and document-retention checklist
Core file
Executed agreement and every amendment
Authority and approval trail
Negotiation and version history
Notices and receipt proof
Performance and acceptance evidence
Invoices, ledger and bank proof
Loss and mitigation working
Limitation and forum note
Electronic evidence
Native email/message and metadata.
Version history and e-sign certificate.
System logs and acknowledgements.
Legal hold and defensible export.
Retention
Executed originals and amendments.
Authority and entity records.
Tax, payment and accounting records.
Claims and litigation records through final disposal.
Forms, registers and operational records
Record/form
Control
No universal statutory form
The Act generally works through agreements, notices and evidence rather than prescribed Central forms.
Contract register
Maintain owner, counterparty, value, term, renewal, governing law and dispute route.
Breach/claim file
Preserve notice, causation, loss, mitigation and remedy decision.
Performance, delivery and payment controls
Stage
Control
Proof
Obligation matrix
List each reciprocal obligation, owner, due date, dependency and consequence.
Signed matrix tied to contract sections.
Delivery/performance
Record dispatch, carrier, title/risk point, milestones, inspection and acceptance/rejection.
Delivery documents, certificates and correspondence.
Payment
Reconcile invoice, tax, credit, retention, set-off, due date and bank receipt.
Invoice, e-invoice, ledger and bank proof.
Change/cure
Use authorised variation and cure procedures; avoid informal waiver.
Change order, approval and cure closure.
Breach, loss, mitigation and remedy framework
Identify the exact obligation and legally material breach.
Confirm causation, remoteness, foreseeability and proof of loss.
Record mitigation, avoided cost and substitute performance.
Test damages, price, restitution, lien, stoppage, accounts, dissolution, specific performance, injunction, rescission, rectification, cancellation or declaration.
Check remedy election, double recovery, caps/exclusions and public policy.
Limitation and forum controls
Control
Analysis
Accrual
Classify cause of action and record breach, refusal, knowledge, demand and continuing-obligation dates.
Limitation
Apply the correct article; test acknowledgment, part-payment, exclusion and disability.
Jurisdiction
Check territorial/pecuniary rules, Commercial Courts threshold, exclusive forum and special court.
Interim relief
Assess preservation, injunction, receiver, security and evidence protection.
Appeal/enforcement
Map decree/award challenge, execution, interest and cross-border enforcement.
Arbitration and mediation interface
Validate agreement, signatories, scope, seat, rules and appointment mechanism.
Separate substantive rights from forum selection and identify non-arbitrable issues.
Check interim measures, consolidation, joinder and multi-contract issues.
Preserve limitation during negotiation or mediation.
Record settlement authority, confidentiality, tax, stamp and enforceability.
Company, partnership, GST and tax overlays
Overlay
Questions
Companies Act
Authority, objects, approvals, related-party, loan/guarantee/security and disclosure requirements.
Partnership/LLP
Deed/LLP authority, current constitution and public records.
Withholding, partner remuneration/interest, capital/revenue, bad debt, settlement and transfer consequences.
IBC/FEMA/consumer
Moratorium and avoidance, cross-border payment/governing law, consumer and e-commerce protection.
Binding and foundational judicial principles
Authority
Principle
Verification
Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose
Capacity: a minor cannot be made contractually liable through an agreement treated as enforceable against the minor.
Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Bhagwandas Goverdhandas Kedia v. Girdharilal Parshottamdas
Communication rules determine where and when acceptance creates a concluded contract.
Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Central Inland Water Transport Corp. v. Brojo Nath Ganguly
Unconscionable terms and unequal bargaining power may engage public-policy and undue-influence analysis.
Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Satyabrata Ghose v. Mugneeram Bangur & Co.
Section 56 covers practical impossibility and frustration, not merely literal physical impossibility.
Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Fateh Chand v. Balkishan Das
A stipulated sum does not automatically become recoverable; reasonable compensation remains the statutory measure.
Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Kailash Nath Associates v. DDA
Section 74 compensation requires legal injury and cannot operate as an automatic windfall.
Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Central and State/UT variation alerts
Stamp duty, registration, court fee, civil procedure and State amendments must be checked for the instrument and forum.
Use the State/UT variation register in the data folder for the live source checklist.
Chapter-specific decision flowchart
Finin2min Q&A
What decision does ICA-C08 help a business make?
It determines how historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping should be classified, documented, performed and enforced under sections 76-123 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.
Which provision should be read first in ICA-C08?
Begin with section 76 ([Repealed.]) and then read the connected definitions, exceptions and remedy provisions in sequence.
What is the principal implementation risk in ICA-C08?
Applying a commercial label without proving the statutory conditions for historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping, or acting without authority, notice, performance and payment evidence.
Which execution checks are specific to ICA-C08?
Confirm the correct entities, signatory authority, consent, complete annexures, stamp and registration treatment, digital audit trail and approvals relevant to historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping.
How should evidence be indexed for ICA-C08?
Link every section in the chapter with the contract or deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance, delivery, payment, loss and remedy evidence supporting it.
What calculation should be retained for ICA-C08?
Retain the relevant price, tax, interest, partner-account, loss, mitigation, restitution or relief working with sources and assumptions, not only the final number.
How does limitation affect ICA-C08?
Classify the precise cause of action associated with historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping, record accrual, refusal, notice, acknowledgment and exclusion dates, and apply the correct Limitation Act article.
Can arbitration resolve every dispute arising under ICA-C08?
Arbitration may govern the forum, but it does not validate illegality, remove mandatory rules or make a non-arbitrable subject arbitrable. Check scope, seat and interim relief.
Which tax and entity overlays should be checked for ICA-C08?
Check Companies Act authority and related-party controls, partnership constitution, GST supply and invoice consequences, withholding, accounting and insolvency effects.
What is the final professional sign-off for ICA-C08?
Confirm the current statutory source, section conclusions, State variation, authority, calculation, limitation, remedy, forum and complete evidence trail.
Why is section 123 important to ICA-C08?
Section 123 ([Repealed.]) completes the chapter control and must be tested independently.
Official Gazette and applicable State/UT Gazette, Registrar and court portals.
Review date: 2026-07-18.
Source and review trail
Use the current official instrument, portal or regulator publication before acting. This panel separates the category authority from page-specific references.
