ICA-C08 - 48 provisions

Historical Sale-of-Goods Provisions and Successor Mapping

Indian Contract Act, 1872

Full local statutory textFinin2min implementation editionCA Nikhil Gupta and Kajri Singh

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Finin2min Summary - Chapter in 2 Minutes

Purpose

This unit converts historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping into statutory, transaction, evidence and remedy decisions.

Who is covered

Businesses, contracting parties, partners, buyers, sellers, principals, agents and litigants affected by this chapter.

Main obligations

Read the transaction documents and actual conduct against every statutory limb, exception and connected law.

Key timelines

Record event, breach, refusal, notice, acknowledgment and filing dates; apply the correct Limitation Act article.

Forms and evidence

Use the chapter evidence checklist and State/UT forms where registration or public notice applies.

Top risk

Wrong classification, missing authority, weak evidence, ineffective notice, unverified State process or wrong remedy.

Remedy

Preserve rights, mitigate loss, quantify exposure and confirm forum, arbitration, limitation and interim relief.

Finin2min takeaway

Classify - map law - verify authority - prove performance - quantify consequence - select remedy and forum.

Section-by-section provision map

ProvisionTitleStatusDecision theme
s.76[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.77[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.78[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.79[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.80[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.81[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.82[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.83[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.84[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.85[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.86[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.87[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.88[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.89[Repealed.]. [DELIVERY.][Repealed.]repealeddelivery, inspection and acceptance
s.90Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.91[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.92[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.93[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.94[Repealed.] [SELLER’S LIEN.][Repealed.]repealedunpaid-seller security and recovery
s.95[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.96[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.97[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.98[Repealed.] [STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.][Repealed.]repealeddelivery, inspection and acceptance
s.99[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.100[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.101[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.102[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.103[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.104[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.105[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.106[Repealed.]. [RESALE.][Repealed.]repealedunpaid-seller security and recovery
s.107[Repealed.]. [TITLE.][Repealed.]repealedtitle, property and risk
s.108[Repealed.]. [WARRANTY.]Repealed.]repealedconformity and implied terms
s.109[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.110[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.111[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.112[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.113[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.114[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.115[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.116[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.117[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.118[Repealed.]. [MISCELLANEOUS.][Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.119[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.120[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.121[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.122[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations
s.123[Repealed.]repealedcommercial rights and obligations

Legal status, amendments and source protocol

Act: Indian Contract Act, 1872; Act 9 of 1872; commencement 1 September 1872.

Source protocol: Complete central provision text is reproduced locally. Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code and Gazette instruments prevail if any discrepancy is identified.

Full statutory text and Finin2min decode

Section 76 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

76.[‘Goods’ of defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule76.[‘Goods’ of defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 76.[‘goods’ of defined.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 76 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 77 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

77.[‘Sale defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule77.[‘Sale defined.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 77.[‘sale defined.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 77 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 78 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

78.[Sale how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule78.[Sale how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 78.[sale how effected.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 78 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 79 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

79.[Transferofownershipofthingsold,whichhasyettobeascertained,madeorfinished.]Rep.bys. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule79.[Transferofownershipofthingsold,whichhasyettobeascertained,madeorfinished.]Rep.bys. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 79.[transferofownershipofthingsold,whichhasyettobeascertained,madeorfinished.]rep.bys. 65, ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 79 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 80 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

80. [Completion of sale of goods which the seller is to put into state in which buyer is to take them.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule80. [Completion of sale of goods which the seller is to put into state in which buyer is to take them.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 80. [completion of sale of goods which the seller is to put into state in which buyer is.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 80 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 81 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

81. [Completion of sale of goods, when seller has to do anything thereto in order to as certain price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule81. [Completion of sale of goods, when seller has to do anything thereto in order to as certain price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 81. [completion of sale of goods, when seller has to do anything thereto in order to as certain.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 81 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 82 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

82. [Completion of sale, when goods are uncertained at date of contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule82. [Completion of sale, when goods are uncertained at date of contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 82. [completion of sale, when goods are uncertained at date of contract.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 82 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 83 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

83. [Ascertainment of goods by subsequent appropriation.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule83. [Ascertainment of goods by subsequent appropriation.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 83. [ascertainment of goods by subsequent appropriation.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 83 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 84 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

84. [Ascertainment of goods by seller’s selection.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule84. [Ascertainment of goods by seller’s selection.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 84. [ascertainment of goods by seller’s selection.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 84 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 85 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

85. [Transfer of ownership of moveable property, when sold together with immoveable.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule85. [Transfer of ownership of moveable property, when sold together with immoveable.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 85. [transfer of ownership of moveable property, when sold together with immoveable.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 85 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 86 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

86. [Buyer to bear loss after good have become his property.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule86. [Buyer to bear loss after good have become his property.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 86. [buyer to bear loss after good have become his property.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 86 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 87 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

87. [Transfer of ownership of goods agreed to be sold while non existent.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule87. [Transfer of ownership of goods agreed to be sold while non existent.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 87. [transfer of ownership of goods agreed to be sold while non existent.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 87 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 88 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

88. [Contract to sell and deliver, at a future day, goods not in seller’s possession at date of contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule88. [Contract to sell and deliver, at a future day, goods not in seller’s possession at date of contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 88. [contract to sell and deliver, at a future day, goods not in seller’s possession at date of.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 88 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 89 - [Repealed.]. [DELIVERY.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

89. [Determination of price not fixed by contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [DELIVERY.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule89. [Determination of price not fixed by contract.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [DELIVERY.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the delivery, inspection and acceptance framework. Operational focus: 89. [determination of price not fixed by contract.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [delivery.]rep. by s. 65, ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 89 is a delivery, inspection and acceptance provision dealing with [repealed.]. [delivery.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Use dispatch, carrier, goods receipt, inspection, rejection and storage records to establish delivery, acceptance and transit risk.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 90 - Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

90. [Delivery how made.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. 1. Added by Act 6 of 1899, s. 4.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule90. [Delivery how made.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. 1. Added by Act 6 of 1899, s. 4.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 90. [delivery how made.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. 1. added by act 6 of 1899, s. 4.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 90 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 91 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

91. [Effect of delivery to wharfinger or carrier.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule91. [Effect of delivery to wharfinger or carrier.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 91. [effect of delivery to wharfinger or carrier.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 91 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 92 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

92. [Effect of part-delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule92. [Effect of part-delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 92. [effect of part-delivery.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 92 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 93 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

93. [Seller not bound to deliver until buyer applies for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule93. [Seller not bound to deliver until buyer applies for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 93. [seller not bound to deliver until buyer applies for delivery.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 93 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 94 - [Repealed.] [SELLER’S LIEN.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

94.[Place of delivery.] Rep.by the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65. [SELLER’S LIEN.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule94.[Place of delivery.] Rep.by the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65. [SELLER’S LIEN.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the unpaid-seller security and recovery framework. Operational focus: 94.[place of delivery.] rep.by the indian sale of goods act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65. [seller’s lien.]rep. by.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 94 is a unpaid-seller security and recovery provision dealing with [repealed.] [seller’s lien.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Confirm unpaid-seller status, possession or transit, insolvency, notice to carrier, lien waiver, sub-sale or pledge and resale procedure before acting.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 95 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

95.[Seller’s lien.]Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule95.[Seller’s lien.]Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 95.[seller’s lien.]rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 95 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 96 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

96. [Lien where payment to be made at a future day, but no time fixed for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule96. [Lien where payment to be made at a future day, but no time fixed for delivery.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 96. [lien where payment to be made at a future day, but no time fixed for delivery.] rep.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 96 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 97 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

97. [Seller’s lien where payment to be made at future day, and buyer allows goods to remain in seller’s possession.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule97. [Seller’s lien where payment to be made at future day, and buyer allows goods to remain in seller’s possession.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 97. [seller’s lien where payment to be made at future day, and buyer allows goods to remain in.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 97 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 98 - [Repealed.] [STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

98. [Seller’s lien against subsequent buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule98. [Seller’s lien against subsequent buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the delivery, inspection and acceptance framework. Operational focus: 98. [seller’s lien against subsequent buyer.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [stoppage in transit.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 98 is a delivery, inspection and acceptance provision dealing with [repealed.] [stoppage in transit.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Use dispatch, carrier, goods receipt, inspection, rejection and storage records to establish delivery, acceptance and transit risk.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 99 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

99. [Power of seller to stop in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule99. [Power of seller to stop in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 99. [power of seller to stop in transit.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 99 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 100 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

100.[When goods are to be deemed in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule100.[When goods are to be deemed in transit.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 100.[when goods are to be deemed in transit.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 100 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 101 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

101. [Continuance of right of stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule101. [Continuance of right of stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 101. [continuance of right of stoppage.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 101 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 102 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

102. [Cessation of right on assignment, by buyer, of document showing title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule102. [Cessation of right on assignment, by buyer, of document showing title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 102. [cessation of right on assignment, by buyer, of document showing title.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 102 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 103 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

103. [How seller may stop where instrument of title assigned to secure specific advance.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule103. [How seller may stop where instrument of title assigned to secure specific advance.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 103. [how seller may stop where instrument of title assigned to secure specific advance.] rep. by s. 65.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 103 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 104 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

104. [Stoppage how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule104. [Stoppage how effected.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 104. [stoppage how effected.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 104 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 105 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

105. [Notice of seller’s claim.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule105. [Notice of seller’s claim.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 105. [notice of seller’s claim.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 105 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 106 - [Repealed.]. [RESALE.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

106.[Right of seller on stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [RESALE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule106.[Right of seller on stoppage.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [RESALE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the unpaid-seller security and recovery framework. Operational focus: 106.[right of seller on stoppage.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [resale.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 106 is a unpaid-seller security and recovery provision dealing with [repealed.]. [resale.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Confirm unpaid-seller status, possession or transit, insolvency, notice to carrier, lien waiver, sub-sale or pledge and resale procedure before acting.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 107 - [Repealed.]. [TITLE.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

107.[Resale on buyer’s failure to perform.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [TITLE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule107.[Resale on buyer’s failure to perform.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [TITLE.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the title, property and risk framework. Operational focus: 107.[resale on buyer’s failure to perform.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [title.] rep. by s. 65, ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 107 is a title, property and risk provision dealing with [repealed.]. [title.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Prepare a title-risk timeline covering identification, appropriation, notice, delivery, documents of title, reservation of disposal and good-faith third-party rights.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 108 - [Repealed.]. [WARRANTY.]Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

108. [Title conveyed by seller of goods to buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [WARRANTY.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule108. [Title conveyed by seller of goods to buyer.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [WARRANTY.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the conformity and implied terms framework. Operational focus: 108. [title conveyed by seller of goods to buyer.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. [warranty.] rep. by s. 65.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 108 is a conformity and implied terms provision dealing with [repealed.]. [warranty.]repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Convert description, sample, specification, purpose and inspection rights into an acceptance checklist. Record disclosed defects and any valid exclusion or usage.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 109 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

109.[Seller’s responsibility for badness of title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule109.[Seller’s responsibility for badness of title.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 109.[seller’s responsibility for badness of title.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 109 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 110 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

110. [Establishment of implied warranty of goodness or quality.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule110. [Establishment of implied warranty of goodness or quality.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 110. [establishment of implied warranty of goodness or quality.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 110 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 111 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

111. [Warranty of soundness implied on sale of provisions.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule111. [Warranty of soundness implied on sale of provisions.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 111. [warranty of soundness implied on sale of provisions.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 111 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 112 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

112. [Warranty of bulk implied on sale of goods by sample.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule112. [Warranty of bulk implied on sale of goods by sample.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 112. [warranty of bulk implied on sale of goods by sample.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 112 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 113 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

113.[Warranty implied where goods are sold as being of a certain denomination.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule113.[Warranty implied where goods are sold as being of a certain denomination.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 113.[warranty implied where goods are sold as being of a certain denomination.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 113 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 114 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

114. [Warranty where goods ordered for a specified purpose.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule114. [Warranty where goods ordered for a specified purpose.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 114. [warranty where goods ordered for a specified purpose.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 114 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 115 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

115.[Warranty on sale of article of well known ascertained kind.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule115.[Warranty on sale of article of well known ascertained kind.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 115.[warranty on sale of article of well known ascertained kind.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 115 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 116 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

116. [Seller when not responsible for latent defects.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule116. [Seller when not responsible for latent defects.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 116. [seller when not responsible for latent defects.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 116 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 117 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

117. [Buyer’s right on breach of warranty.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule117. [Buyer’s right on breach of warranty.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 117. [buyer’s right on breach of warranty.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 117 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 118 - [Repealed.]. [MISCELLANEOUS.][Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

118. [Right of buyer on breach of warranty in respect of goods not ascertained.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [MISCELLANEOUS.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule118. [Right of buyer on breach of warranty in respect of goods not ascertained.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. [MISCELLANEOUS.] Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 118. [right of buyer on breach of warranty in respect of goods not ascertained.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 118 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. [miscellaneous.][repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 119 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

119. [When buyer may refused to accept, if goods not ordered are sent with goods ordered.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule119. [When buyer may refused to accept, if goods not ordered are sent with goods ordered.]Rep. by s. 65, ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 119. [when buyer may refused to accept, if goods not ordered are sent with goods ordered.]rep. by s.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 119 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 120 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

120. [Effect of wrongful refusal to accept.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule120. [Effect of wrongful refusal to accept.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 120. [effect of wrongful refusal to accept.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 120 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 121 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

121. [Right of seller as to rescission, on failure of buyer to pay price at time fixed.] Rep.by the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule121. [Right of seller as to rescission, on failure of buyer to pay price at time fixed.] Rep.by the Indian Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930), s.65.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 121. [right of seller as to rescission, on failure of buyer to pay price at time fixed.] rep.by.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 121 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 122 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

122. [Sale and transfer of lots sold by auction.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule122. [Sale and transfer of lots sold by auction.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid.Test this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 122. [sale and transfer of lots sold by auction.] rep. by s. 65,ibid.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 122 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Section 123 - [Repealed.]
Local statutory-text source control: Retained official India Code PDF extract. Official India Code source prevails.

Current statutory text

123. [Effect of use, by seller, of pretended biddings to raise price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. CHAPTER VIII OF INDEMNITY AND GUARANTEE

Finin2min clause-by-clause decode

ClauseStatutory requirementFinin2min meaningEvidence/control
Main rule123. [Effect of use, by seller, of pretended biddings to raise price.] Rep. by s. 65,ibid. CHAPTER VIII OF INDEMNITY AND GUARANTEETest this main limb within the commercial rights and obligations framework. Operational focus: 123. [effect of use, by seller, of pretended biddings to raise price.] rep. by s. 65,ibid. chapter viii.Contract/deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance and payment records tied to this limb.

Finin2min implementation explanation

Section 123 is a commercial rights and obligations provision dealing with [repealed.]. Identify the actor, trigger, cumulative or alternative conditions, provisos, exceptions and legal consequence before reaching a conclusion.

Implementation control: Translate the provision into an owner, trigger, approval, evidence, deadline, exception and remedy control, then test connected law and State variation.

Section-level practical application

Transaction test

Apply this provision to the event-date facts and record every satisfied, disputed or inapplicable limb.

Consequence and remedy

Identify how it changes validity, title, authority, liability, payment, rejection, recovery, registration, evidence or relief.

Practical examples and calculations

Chapter scenario

A live transaction raises issues concerning historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping. Freeze the event date, map each statutory condition, preserve authority and performance evidence, quantify exposure and choose remedy only after limitation and forum review.

CalculationMethodEvidence
Price / considerationReconcile base amount, GST/tax, credits, retention, deductions and payment terms.Contract, invoice, ledger, tax documents and bank proof.
Loss / compensationSeparate direct loss, consequential loss, avoided cost, mitigation, restitution, interest and stipulated sum.Loss model, market evidence and mitigation log.
Partner settlementReconcile capital, current accounts, loans, drawings, profit share, assets, liabilities and goodwill.Deed, ledgers, bank records and valuation.
LimitationRecord accrual, breach/refusal, notice, acknowledgment, exclusion and filing date.Chronology and limitation memorandum.

Practical transaction application

  1. Identify the transaction, relationship, parties and event date.
  2. Map every provision to the contract/deed and actual conduct.
  3. Record conditions satisfied, disputed, waived, excused or prevented.
  4. Reconcile authority, delivery/performance, acceptance, payment and notices.
  5. Quantify exposure and choose cure, termination, recovery, settlement or litigation strategy.

Authority, consent and execution controls

Authority

  • Correct legal entities and counterparties.
  • Board, partner, power-of-attorney or delegated authority.
  • Ordinary-course and implied-authority limits.
  • Third-party knowledge of restrictions.

Consent

  • Offer, acceptance and agreed version.
  • Capacity, free consent and disclosures.
  • Conditions precedent and approvals.
  • No unauthorised post-execution alteration.

Execution

  • Complete schedules and annexures.
  • Witnessing, attestation and e-sign audit trail.
  • Counterparts, date and place.
  • Original and certified-copy custody.

Stamp duty and registration alerts

Stamp duty is State/UT-specific. Classify the true instrument, place of execution or receipt, consideration and property. Registration is a separate enquiry. Insufficient stamping may require impounding; non-registration may affect property and third-party enforceability.
InstrumentAlert
Commercial agreementDo not default to a generic article if the substance is indemnity, guarantee, security, transfer, lease or another specifically charged instrument.
Partnership deed/reconstitutionCheck capital contribution, immovable property, retirement/dissolution and Registrar filing separately.
Sale of movable goodsCoordinate contract, invoice, GST/e-invoice, transport and sectoral records.
Property-related reliefCheck compulsory registration, title, court fee and decree-registration effects.

Evidence and document-retention checklist

Core file

  • Executed agreement and every amendment
  • Authority and approval trail
  • Negotiation and version history
  • Notices and receipt proof
  • Performance and acceptance evidence
  • Invoices, ledger and bank proof
  • Loss and mitigation working
  • Limitation and forum note

Electronic evidence

  • Native email/message and metadata.
  • Version history and e-sign certificate.
  • System logs and acknowledgements.
  • Legal hold and defensible export.

Retention

  • Executed originals and amendments.
  • Authority and entity records.
  • Tax, payment and accounting records.
  • Claims and litigation records through final disposal.

Forms, registers and operational records

Record/formControl
No universal statutory formThe Act generally works through agreements, notices and evidence rather than prescribed Central forms.
Contract registerMaintain owner, counterparty, value, term, renewal, governing law and dispute route.
Breach/claim filePreserve notice, causation, loss, mitigation and remedy decision.

Performance, delivery and payment controls

StageControlProof
Obligation matrixList each reciprocal obligation, owner, due date, dependency and consequence.Signed matrix tied to contract sections.
Delivery/performanceRecord dispatch, carrier, title/risk point, milestones, inspection and acceptance/rejection.Delivery documents, certificates and correspondence.
PaymentReconcile invoice, tax, credit, retention, set-off, due date and bank receipt.Invoice, e-invoice, ledger and bank proof.
Change/cureUse authorised variation and cure procedures; avoid informal waiver.Change order, approval and cure closure.

Breach, loss, mitigation and remedy framework

  1. Identify the exact obligation and legally material breach.
  2. Confirm causation, remoteness, foreseeability and proof of loss.
  3. Record mitigation, avoided cost and substitute performance.
  4. Test damages, price, restitution, lien, stoppage, accounts, dissolution, specific performance, injunction, rescission, rectification, cancellation or declaration.
  5. Check remedy election, double recovery, caps/exclusions and public policy.

Limitation and forum controls

ControlAnalysis
AccrualClassify cause of action and record breach, refusal, knowledge, demand and continuing-obligation dates.
LimitationApply the correct article; test acknowledgment, part-payment, exclusion and disability.
JurisdictionCheck territorial/pecuniary rules, Commercial Courts threshold, exclusive forum and special court.
Interim reliefAssess preservation, injunction, receiver, security and evidence protection.
Appeal/enforcementMap decree/award challenge, execution, interest and cross-border enforcement.

Arbitration and mediation interface

  • Validate agreement, signatories, scope, seat, rules and appointment mechanism.
  • Separate substantive rights from forum selection and identify non-arbitrable issues.
  • Check interim measures, consolidation, joinder and multi-contract issues.
  • Preserve limitation during negotiation or mediation.
  • Record settlement authority, confidentiality, tax, stamp and enforceability.

Company, partnership, GST and tax overlays

OverlayQuestions
Companies ActAuthority, objects, approvals, related-party, loan/guarantee/security and disclosure requirements.
Partnership/LLPDeed/LLP authority, current constitution and public records.
GSTSupply, time/place/value, invoice/e-invoice, ITC, credit note, advance, damages and settlement treatment.
Income tax/TDSWithholding, partner remuneration/interest, capital/revenue, bad debt, settlement and transfer consequences.
IBC/FEMA/consumerMoratorium and avoidance, cross-border payment/governing law, consumer and e-commerce protection.

Binding and foundational judicial principles

AuthorityPrincipleVerification
Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas GhoseCapacity: a minor cannot be made contractually liable through an agreement treated as enforceable against the minor.Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Bhagwandas Goverdhandas Kedia v. Girdharilal ParshottamdasCommunication rules determine where and when acceptance creates a concluded contract.Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Central Inland Water Transport Corp. v. Brojo Nath GangulyUnconscionable terms and unequal bargaining power may engage public-policy and undue-influence analysis.Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Satyabrata Ghose v. Mugneeram Bangur & Co.Section 56 covers practical impossibility and frustration, not merely literal physical impossibility.Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Fateh Chand v. Balkishan DasA stipulated sum does not automatically become recoverable; reasonable compensation remains the statutory measure.Verify official judgment and later treatment.
Kailash Nath Associates v. DDASection 74 compensation requires legal injury and cannot operate as an automatic windfall.Verify official judgment and later treatment.

Central and State/UT variation alerts

Stamp duty, registration, court fee, civil procedure and State amendments must be checked for the instrument and forum.

Use the State/UT variation register in the data folder for the live source checklist.

Chapter-specific decision flowchart

Decision flow for Historical Sale-of-Goods Provisions and Successor Mapping

Finin2min Q&A

What decision does ICA-C08 help a business make?

It determines how historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping should be classified, documented, performed and enforced under sections 76-123 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

Which provision should be read first in ICA-C08?

Begin with section 76 ([Repealed.]) and then read the connected definitions, exceptions and remedy provisions in sequence.

What is the principal implementation risk in ICA-C08?

Applying a commercial label without proving the statutory conditions for historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping, or acting without authority, notice, performance and payment evidence.

Which execution checks are specific to ICA-C08?

Confirm the correct entities, signatory authority, consent, complete annexures, stamp and registration treatment, digital audit trail and approvals relevant to historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping.

How should evidence be indexed for ICA-C08?

Link every section in the chapter with the contract or deed, authority, chronology, notices, performance, delivery, payment, loss and remedy evidence supporting it.

What calculation should be retained for ICA-C08?

Retain the relevant price, tax, interest, partner-account, loss, mitigation, restitution or relief working with sources and assumptions, not only the final number.

How does limitation affect ICA-C08?

Classify the precise cause of action associated with historical sale-of-goods provisions and successor mapping, record accrual, refusal, notice, acknowledgment and exclusion dates, and apply the correct Limitation Act article.

Can arbitration resolve every dispute arising under ICA-C08?

Arbitration may govern the forum, but it does not validate illegality, remove mandatory rules or make a non-arbitrable subject arbitrable. Check scope, seat and interim relief.

Which tax and entity overlays should be checked for ICA-C08?

Check Companies Act authority and related-party controls, partnership constitution, GST supply and invoice consequences, withholding, accounting and insolvency effects.

What is the final professional sign-off for ICA-C08?

Confirm the current statutory source, section conclusions, State variation, authority, calculation, limitation, remedy, forum and complete evidence trail.

Why is section 123 important to ICA-C08?

Section 123 ([Repealed.]) completes the chapter control and must be tested independently.

Official sources and verification status

Source and review trail

Use the current official instrument, portal or regulator publication before acting. This panel separates the category authority from page-specific references.

Primary category
Commercial Contracts & Remedies
Official starting point
www.indiacode.nic.in
Editorial review date
2026-07-19
Content status
Finin2min explanation; official source controls where facts, law, rates, forms or procedures can change.

Page source links