Finin2min · Finance & Law Explained in 2 Minutes
Official heading index

Industrial Relations Code, 2020

Section/rule-by-rule Finin2min index with practical relevance. It is a navigation and explanation layer; use the linked official instrument for exact text.

Legal position: reviewed as at 9 July 2026. Open official instrument.
No.Official headingChapterTopicFinin2min explanationCurrent relevance
1Short title, extent and commencement.CHAPTER I — PRELIMINARYGeneral administrationCovers short title, extent and commencement under CHAPTER I — PRELIMINARY. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
2Definitions.CHAPTER I — PRELIMINARYDefinitions and scopeDefines the terms and boundaries used for definitions. Apply these definitions before testing coverage or calculating any entitlement.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
3Works Committee.CHAPTER II — BI - PARTITE FORUMSGeneral administrationCovers works committee under CHAPTER II — BI - PARTITE FORUMS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
4Grievance Redressal Committee.CHAPTER II — BI - PARTITE FORUMSGeneral administrationCovers grievance redressal committee under CHAPTER II — BI - PARTITE FORUMS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
5Registrar of Trade Unions.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
6Criteria for registration.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSGeneral administrationCovers criteria for registration under CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
7Provisions to be contained in constitution or rules of Trade Union.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
8Application for registration, alteration of name and procedure thereof.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSGeneral administrationCovers application for registration, alteration of name and procedure thereof under CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
9Registration of Trade Union and cancellation thereof.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
10Appeal against non-registration or cancellation of registration.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for appeal against non-registration or cancellation of registration. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
11Communication to Trade Union and change in its registration particulars.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
12Incorporation of a registered Trade Union.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
13Certain Acts not to apply to registered Trade Unions.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
14Recognition of negotiating union or negotiating council.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
15Objects of general fund, composition of separate fund and membership fee of Trade Union.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
16Immunity from civil suit in certain cases.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSGeneral administrationCovers immunity from civil suit in certain cases under CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
17Criminal conspiracy in furtherance of objects of Trade Union.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
18Enforceability of agreements.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSGeneral administrationCovers enforceability of agreements under CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
19Right to inspect books of Trade Union.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
20Rights of minor to membership of Trade Union.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
21Disqualification of office-bearers of Trade Unions.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
22Adjudication of disputes of Trade Unions.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
23Proportion of office-bearers to be connected with industry.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSGeneral administrationCovers proportion of office-bearers to be connected with industry under CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
24Change of name, amalgamation, notice of change and its effect.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSGeneral administrationCovers change of name, amalgamation, notice of change and its effect under CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
25Dissolution.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSGeneral administrationCovers dissolution under CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
26Annual returns.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSRecords and returnsRequires or governs annual returns. Translate it into an owner, due date, prescribed format, retention rule and review evidence.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
27Recognition of Trade Unions at Central and State level.CHAPTER III — TRADE UNIONSTrade unionsGoverns trade-union or negotiating-body rights and procedure. Preserve membership evidence, recognition records, notices and meeting outcomes.Employee relations, negotiating structures and dispute prevention.
28Application of this Chapter.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSGeneral administrationCovers application of this chapter under CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
29Making of model standing orders by Central Government and temporary application.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSStanding ordersGoverns service-condition documentation. Align certified/model standing orders, appointment terms, disciplinary processes and HR policies.Service rules, disciplinary fairness and HR policy alignment.
30Preparation of draft standing orders by employer and procedure for certification.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSStanding ordersGoverns service-condition documentation. Align certified/model standing orders, appointment terms, disciplinary processes and HR policies.Service rules, disciplinary fairness and HR policy alignment.
31Certifying officers and appellate authority to have powers of civil court.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for certifying officers and appellate authority to have powers of civil court. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
32Appeals.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for appeals. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
33Date of operation of standing orders and its availability.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSStanding ordersGoverns service-condition documentation. Align certified/model standing orders, appointment terms, disciplinary processes and HR policies.Service rules, disciplinary fairness and HR policy alignment.
34Register of standing orders.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSStanding ordersGoverns service-condition documentation. Align certified/model standing orders, appointment terms, disciplinary processes and HR policies.Service rules, disciplinary fairness and HR policy alignment.
35Duration and modification of standing orders.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSStanding ordersGoverns service-condition documentation. Align certified/model standing orders, appointment terms, disciplinary processes and HR policies.Service rules, disciplinary fairness and HR policy alignment.
36Oral evidence in contradiction of standing orders not admissible.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSStanding ordersGoverns service-condition documentation. Align certified/model standing orders, appointment terms, disciplinary processes and HR policies.Service rules, disciplinary fairness and HR policy alignment.
37Interpretation, etc., of standing orders.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSStanding ordersGoverns service-condition documentation. Align certified/model standing orders, appointment terms, disciplinary processes and HR policies.Service rules, disciplinary fairness and HR policy alignment.
38Time limit for completing disciplinary proceedings and liability to pay subsistence allowance.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSGeneral administrationCovers time limit for completing disciplinary proceedings and liability to pay subsistence allowance under CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
39Power to exempt.CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERSGeneral administrationCovers power to exempt under CHAPTER IV — STANDING ORDERS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
40Notice of change.CHAPTER V — NOTICE OF CHANGEGeneral administrationCovers notice of change under CHAPTER V — NOTICE OF CHANGE. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
41Power of appropriate Government to exempt.CHAPTER V — NOTICE OF CHANGEGeneral administrationCovers power of appropriate government to exempt under CHAPTER V — NOTICE OF CHANGE. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
42Voluntary reference of disputes to arbitration.CHAPTER VI — VOLUNTARY REFERENCE OF DISPUTES TO ARBITRATIONGeneral administrationCovers voluntary reference of disputes to arbitration under CHAPTER VI — VOLUNTARY REFERENCE OF DISPUTES TO ARBITRATION. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
43Conciliation officers.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers conciliation officers under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
44Industrial Tribunal.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for industrial tribunal. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
45Finality of constitution of Tribunal.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for finality of constitution of tribunal. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
46National Industrial Tribunal.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for national industrial tribunal. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
47Decision of Tribunal or National Industrial Tribunal.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for decision of tribunal or national industrial tribunal. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
48Disqualifications for members of Tribunal and National Industrial Tribunal.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for disqualifications for members of tribunal and national industrial tribunal. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
49Procedure and powers of arbitrator, conciliation officer, Tribunal and National Industrial Tribunal.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for procedure and powers of arbitrator, conciliation officer, tribunal and national industrial tribunal. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
50Powers of Tribunal and National Industrial Tribunal to give appropriate relief in case of discharge or dismissal of worker.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for powers of tribunal and national industrial tribunal to give appropriate relief in case of discharge or dismissal of worker. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
51Transfer of pending cases.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers transfer of pending cases under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
52Adjustment of services of presiding officers under repealed Act.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers adjustment of services of presiding officers under repealed act under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
53Conciliation and adjudication of dispute.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers conciliation and adjudication of dispute under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
54Reference to and functions of National Industrial Tribunal.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for reference to and functions of national industrial tribunal. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
55Form of award, its communication and commencement.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers form of award, its communication and commencement under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
56Payment of full wages to worker pending proceedings in higher Courts.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for payment of full wages to worker pending proceedings in higher courts. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
57Persons on whom settlements and awards are binding.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers persons on whom settlements and awards are binding under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
58Period of operation of settlements and awards.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers period of operation of settlements and awards under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
59Recovery of money due from employer.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers recovery of money due from employer under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
60Commencement and conclusion of proceedings.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers commencement and conclusion of proceedings under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
61Certain matters to be kept confidential.CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTESGeneral administrationCovers certain matters to be kept confidential under CHAPTER VII — MECHANISM FOR RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
62Prohibition of strikes and lock-outs.CHAPTER VIII — STRIKES AND LOCK– OUTSStrikes and lock-outsCovers prohibition of strikes and lock-outs under CHAPTER VIII — STRIKES AND LOCK– OUTS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
63Illegal strikes and lock-outs.CHAPTER VIII — STRIKES AND LOCK– OUTSStrikes and lock-outsCovers illegal strikes and lock-outs under CHAPTER VIII — STRIKES AND LOCK– OUTS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
64Prohibition of financial aid to illegal strikes or lock-outs.CHAPTER VIII — STRIKES AND LOCK– OUTSStrikes and lock-outsCovers prohibition of financial aid to illegal strikes or lock-outs under CHAPTER VIII — STRIKES AND LOCK– OUTS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
65Application of sections 67 to 69.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREGeneral administrationCovers application of sections 67 to 69 under CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
66Definition of continuous service.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREDefinitions and scopeDefines the terms and boundaries used for definition of continuous service. Apply these definitions before testing coverage or calculating any entitlement.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
67Rights of workers laid-off for compensation, etc.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREEmployees compensationGoverns employment-injury compensation. Establish the employment nexus, accident/disease facts, wage basis, disablement/death category and reporting trail.Incident response, insurance, contractor workforce and fatal/disablement claims.
68Duty of an employer to maintain muster rolls of workers.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREGeneral administrationCovers duty of an employer to maintain muster rolls of workers under CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
69Workers not entitled for compensation in certain cases.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREEmployees compensationGoverns employment-injury compensation. Establish the employment nexus, accident/disease facts, wage basis, disablement/death category and reporting trail.Incident response, insurance, contractor workforce and fatal/disablement claims.
70Conditions precedent to retrenchment of workers.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURELay-off, retrenchment and closureGoverns workforce restructuring. Test threshold, notice, permission, compensation, re-employment rights and documentation before action.Restructuring planning, permissions, compensation and litigation risk.
71Procedure for retrenchment.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURELay-off, retrenchment and closureGoverns workforce restructuring. Test threshold, notice, permission, compensation, re-employment rights and documentation before action.Restructuring planning, permissions, compensation and litigation risk.
72Re-employment of retrenched worker.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURELay-off, retrenchment and closureGoverns workforce restructuring. Test threshold, notice, permission, compensation, re-employment rights and documentation before action.Restructuring planning, permissions, compensation and litigation risk.
73Compensation to workers in case of transfer of establishment.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREEmployees compensationGoverns employment-injury compensation. Establish the employment nexus, accident/disease facts, wage basis, disablement/death category and reporting trail.Incident response, insurance, contractor workforce and fatal/disablement claims.
74Sixty days’ notice to be given of intention to close down any undertaking.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREGeneral administrationCovers sixty days’ notice to be given of intention to close down any undertaking under CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
75Compensation to workers in case of closing down of undertakings.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREEmployees compensationGoverns employment-injury compensation. Establish the employment nexus, accident/disease facts, wage basis, disablement/death category and reporting trail.Incident response, insurance, contractor workforce and fatal/disablement claims.
76Effect of laws inconsistent with this Chapter.CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSUREGeneral administrationCovers effect of laws inconsistent with this chapter under CHAPTER IX — LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
77Application of this Chapter.CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTSGeneral administrationCovers application of this chapter under CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
78Prohibition of lay-off.CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTSLay-off, retrenchment and closureGoverns workforce restructuring. Test threshold, notice, permission, compensation, re-employment rights and documentation before action.Restructuring planning, permissions, compensation and litigation risk.
79Conditions precedent to retrenchment of workers to which Chapter X applies.CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTSLay-off, retrenchment and closureGoverns workforce restructuring. Test threshold, notice, permission, compensation, re-employment rights and documentation before action.Restructuring planning, permissions, compensation and litigation risk.
80Procedure for closing down an industrial establishment.CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTSGeneral administrationCovers procedure for closing down an industrial establishment under CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
81Duty of an employer to maintain muster rolls of workers.CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTSGeneral administrationCovers duty of an employer to maintain muster rolls of workers under CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
82Certain provisions of Chapter IX to apply to industrial establishment to which thisCHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTSGeneral administrationCovers certain provisions of chapter ix to apply to industrial establishment to which this under CHAPTER X — SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO LAY-OFF, RETRENCHMENT AND CLOSURE IN CERTAIN — ESTABLISHMENTS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
83Worker re-skilling fund.CHAPTER XI — WORKER RE - SKILLING FUNDFund governanceCovers worker re-skilling fund under CHAPTER XI — WORKER RE - SKILLING FUND. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
84Prohibition of unfair labour practice.CHAPTER XII — UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICESGeneral administrationCovers prohibition of unfair labour practice under CHAPTER XII — UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
85Power of officers of appropriate Government to impose penalty in certain cases.CHAPTER XIII — OFFENCES AND PENALTIESOffences and penaltiesSets the consequence or procedure relating to power of officers of appropriate government to impose penalty in certain cases. Maintain evidence of compliance and escalation because repeat or serious breaches may attract higher exposure.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
86Penalties.CHAPTER XIII — OFFENCES AND PENALTIESOffences and penaltiesSets the consequence or procedure relating to penalties. Maintain evidence of compliance and escalation because repeat or serious breaches may attract higher exposure.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
87Cognizance of offences.CHAPTER XIII — OFFENCES AND PENALTIESOffences and penaltiesSets the consequence or procedure relating to cognizance of offences. Maintain evidence of compliance and escalation because repeat or serious breaches may attract higher exposure.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
88Offences by companies.CHAPTER XIII — OFFENCES AND PENALTIESOffences and penaltiesSets the consequence or procedure relating to offences by companies. Maintain evidence of compliance and escalation because repeat or serious breaches may attract higher exposure.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
89Composition of offences.CHAPTER XIII — OFFENCES AND PENALTIESOffences and penaltiesSets the consequence or procedure relating to composition of offences. Maintain evidence of compliance and escalation because repeat or serious breaches may attract higher exposure.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
90Conditions of service, etc., to remain unchanged under certain circumstances during pendency of proceedings.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers conditions of service, etc., to remain unchanged under certain circumstances during pendency of proceedings under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
91Special provision for adjudication as to whether conditions of service, etc., changed during pendency of proceedings.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers special provision for adjudication as to whether conditions of service, etc., changed during pendency of proceedings under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
92Power to transfer certain proceedings.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers power to transfer certain proceedings under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
93Protection of persons.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers protection of persons under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
94Representation of parties.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers representation of parties under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
95Removal of doubts in interpretation of award or settlement.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers removal of doubts in interpretation of award or settlement under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
96Power to exempt.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers power to exempt under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
97Jurisdiction of civil courts barred.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSClaims and dispute resolutionProvides the route for jurisdiction of civil courts barred. Track limitation periods, authority, documents, hearing rights and appeal steps.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
98Protection of action taken in good faith.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers protection of action taken in good faith under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
99Power of appropriate Government to make rules.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers power of appropriate government to make rules under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
100Delegation of powers.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers delegation of powers under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
101Power to amend Schedules.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers power to amend schedules under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
102Amendment of Act 7 of 2017.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers amendment of act 7 of 2017 under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
103Power to remove difficulties.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers power to remove difficulties under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.
104Repeal and savings.CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUSGeneral administrationCovers repeal and savings under CHAPTER XIV — MISCELLANEOUS. Read it with linked definitions, delegated rules, notifications, state provisions and savings clauses.Legal coverage, operational controls, records and evidence in the current compliance environment.

Exact sub-sections, provisos, explanations, schedules, forms and state provisions must be read in the official instrument.